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7th grade science ch 5. genetics - Parks notes > Science ch 5 > Flashcards

Science ch 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

DNA is made of subunits called ?

A

Nucleotides

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2
Q

Nucleotides are made of what 3 things?

A

Phosphate, sugar, base

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3
Q

What did Rosalind Franklin discover about DNA?

A

A spiral shape, she used X-ray diffraction.

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4
Q

What did Chargaff discover?

A

Base Pair rule: A-T, C-G

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5
Q

What did Watson and Crick discover?

A

That the DNA looked like a long twisted Ladder.

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6
Q

What is a gene?

A

A string of nucleotides that has information for making one trait.

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7
Q

What is the code for an amino acid?

A

A set of three bases.

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8
Q

What is the first step in making a protein?

A

RNA copies DNA

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9
Q

What happens in deletion?

A

A base is left out.

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10
Q

What happens in substitution?

A

a base has been exchanged for another one.

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11
Q

What happens in insertion?

A

A base is added

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12
Q

What technology is used to help identify a criminal?

A

DNA fingerprinting.

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13
Q

What base pairs with adenine(A)?

A

Thymine(T)

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14
Q

What base pairs with Cytosine (C)?

A

Guanine (G)

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15
Q

How are proteins formed?

A

A mirror like copy of DNA travels to the ribosome. At the ribosome it codes for amino acids, which form proteins.

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16
Q

How are copies of DNA made?

A

DNA replication: DNA unwinds and complementary nucleotides are added.

17
Q

What are the sides of a DNA molecule made of?

A

Sugars and phosphates.

18
Q

What shape does DNA have?

A

It has the shape of a twisted ladder called a double helix.

19
Q

What two things are chromosomes made of?

A

Protein and DNA

20
Q

In DNA replication both molecules of DNA have what?

A

One new strand and one strand from the original DNA molecule.

21
Q

Base pairs are held together by what?

A

Hydrogen bonds

22
Q

What is a mutagen?

A

A physical or chemical agent that causes mutations in DNA.

23
Q

What is an amino acid?

A

Basic building block of protein that is made up of three bases.

24
Q

What is replication?

A

The process of making a copy.

25
Q

What is a chromosome?

A

Any of the rod shaped or thread like DNA-containing structures of cellular organism.

26
Q

What is a mutation?

A

change in the nucleotide-base sequence of a gene or DNA molecule.

27
Q

What is DNA?

A

deoxyribonucleic acid - a molecule that is present in all living cells and that contains the information that determines the traits that a living thing inherits and needs to live.

28
Q

What is a ribosome?

A

Cell organelle that consists of RNA and proteins. Protein synthesis takes place here.

29
Q

What is RNA?

A

Ribonucleic acid - A molecule that is present in all living cells and that plays a role in protein synthesis.

7th grade science ch 5. genetics - Parks notes (1 decks)

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