Science ch 5 Flashcards
DNA is made of subunits called ?
Nucleotides
Nucleotides are made of what 3 things?
Phosphate, sugar, base
What did Rosalind Franklin discover about DNA?
A spiral shape, she used X-ray diffraction.
What did Chargaff discover?
Base Pair rule: A-T, C-G
What did Watson and Crick discover?
That the DNA looked like a long twisted Ladder.
What is a gene?
A string of nucleotides that has information for making one trait.
What is the code for an amino acid?
A set of three bases.
What is the first step in making a protein?
RNA copies DNA
What happens in deletion?
A base is left out.
What happens in substitution?
a base has been exchanged for another one.
What happens in insertion?
A base is added
What technology is used to help identify a criminal?
DNA fingerprinting.
What base pairs with adenine(A)?
Thymine(T)
What base pairs with Cytosine (C)?
Guanine (G)
How are proteins formed?
A mirror like copy of DNA travels to the ribosome. At the ribosome it codes for amino acids, which form proteins.
How are copies of DNA made?
DNA replication: DNA unwinds and complementary nucleotides are added.
What are the sides of a DNA molecule made of?
Sugars and phosphates.
What shape does DNA have?
It has the shape of a twisted ladder called a double helix.
What two things are chromosomes made of?
Protein and DNA
In DNA replication both molecules of DNA have what?
One new strand and one strand from the original DNA molecule.
Base pairs are held together by what?
Hydrogen bonds
What is a mutagen?
A physical or chemical agent that causes mutations in DNA.
What is an amino acid?
Basic building block of protein that is made up of three bases.
What is replication?
The process of making a copy.
