Science Biology Revision - Body Systems, Breathing, and Joints

Question 1

What is a bone?

Answer 1

A bone is a living tissue with a blood supply that is constantly growing and changing. It produces blood cells.

Question 2

How does bone repair itself?

Answer 2

Bone can repair itself when it is damaged.

Question 3

What makes bones strong and flexible?

Answer 3

Calcium and other minerals make the bone strong but slightly flexible.

Question 4

What is the average number of bones in an adult human skeleton?

Answer 4

The average adult human skeleton consists of 206 bones.

Question 5

What are the functions of the skeleton?

Answer 5

The skeleton supports the body, protects vital organs, helps the body move, and makes blood cells.

Question 6

What holds internal organs in place?

Answer 6

Bones hold internal organs in place and create a framework for muscles and organs to connect to.

Question 7

What is the role of the backbone?

Answer 7

The backbone, or vertebral column, holds the body upright.

Question 8

How do bones protect vital organs?

Answer 8

Bones are hard and strong, protecting vital organs from damage.

For example, the skull protects the brain, the ribcage protects the heart and lungs, and the backbone protects the spinal cord.

Question 9

How do muscles and bones interact?

Answer 9

Muscles are attached to bones, and when a muscle pulls on a bone, it causes the bone to move.

Question 10

What allows the body to move?

Answer 10

The skeleton moves at joints, allowing the body to move.

Question 11

What is bone marrow?

Answer 11

Bone marrow is a soft tissue inside some bones that produces red and white blood cells.

Question 12

What do red blood cells do?

Answer 12

Red blood cells carry oxygen around the body.

Question 13

What do white blood cells do?

Answer 13

White blood cells protect against infection.

Question 14

What is muscle tissue?

Answer 14

Muscle tissue is made up of muscle cells that work together to cause movement.

Question 15

What is an example of cardiac muscle?

Answer 15

The heart is a muscle made of cardiac muscle tissue.

Question 16

How do muscles cause movement?

Answer 16

Muscles contract to cause movement.

Question 17

How are muscles attached to bones?

Answer 17

Muscles are attached to bones by tendons.

Question 18

What are antagonistic muscles?

Answer 18

Antagonistic muscles are pairs of muscles that work together to cause movement at a joint.

Question 19

What is an example of antagonistic muscles?

Answer 19

The biceps and triceps are an example of antagonistic muscles.

They are used to bend and straighten the arm at the elbow joint.

Question 20

What is a joint?

Answer 20

A joint is a connection between two bones.

Question 21

What are the types of joints?

Answer 21

Types of joints include hinge, ball and socket, fixed, and fused joints.

Question 22

What is an example of a hinge joint?

Answer 22

The elbow is an example of a hinge joint.

Question 23

What is an example of a ball and socket joint?

Answer 23

The shoulder is an example of a ball and socket joint.

Question 24

What covers the ends of bones?

Answer 24

The ends of bones are covered in cartilage, which allows for smooth movement.

Question 25

What is synovial fluid?

Answer 25

Synovial fluid cushions and protects the joints.

Question 26

What holds bones together?

Answer 26

Bones are held together by slightly elastic ligaments.

Question 27

What is hip dysplasia?

Answer 27

Hip dysplasia is a condition that can cause pain and risk of dislocation when the hip socket doesn't fully cover the ball portion of the upper thighbone.

Question 28

What is osteoarthritis?

Answer 28

Osteoarthritis occurs when cartilage wears down.

Question 29

What is an example of a swivel joint?

Answer 29

An example of a swivel joint is the neck (atlas and axis bones).

Question 30

What is an example of a saddle joint?

Answer 30

An example of a saddle joint is the thumb or the wrist.

Question 31

What is an example of a fused joint?

Answer 31

An example of a fused joint is the skull, which is made up of joints that have fused together which makes them unable to move.

Question 32

What is the first level of organization in multicellular organisms?

Answer 32

Cells are the building blocks of life and the first level of organization.

Question 33

What is a tissue?

Answer 33

A tissue is a group of similar cells that work together to perform a certain function.

Question 34

What is an example of an animal tissue?

Answer 34

Muscle tissue is an example of an animal tissue.

Question 35

What is an organ?

Answer 35

An organ is made up of a group of different tissues that work together to perform a certain function.

Question 36

What is an example of an organ system?

Answer 36

The circulatory system is an example of an organ system.

Question 37

What is a multicellular organism?

Answer 37

A multicellular organism is made up of several organ systems working together to perform all necessary life processes.

Question 38

What is gas exchange?

Answer 38

Gas exchange is the process of taking in oxygen and giving out carbon dioxide.

Question 39

What are alveoli?

Answer 39

Alveoli are air sacs in the lungs that create a large surface area for gas exchange.

Question 40

What happens when we breathe in?

Answer 40

The intercostal muscles contract, lifting the ribcage, and the diaphragm contracts, lowering and flattening it. The volume increases and the pressure decreases.

Question 41

What is a unicellular organism?

Answer 41

A unicellular organism is made up of one cell.

Question 42

What happens when we breathe out?

Answer 42

The intercostal muscles relax, the ribcage returns to it's resting position, the diaphragm relaxes. The pressure increases and the volume decreases.