Science ASVAB Flashcards
1
Q
Identify the value and abbreviation of this metric system prefix: deka
A
Base times 10; da
2
Q
Name some types of electromagnetic radiation
A
Visible light, radio waves, microwaves, ultraviolet waves, infrared waves, X Rays, and gamma rays
3
Q
What is the name of the brain generally considered to be the center of intelligence?
A
Cerebrum
4
Q
Identify the value and abbreviation of this metric system prefix: centi
A
Base times 0.01; c
5
Q
What does DNA stand for?
A
Deoxyribonucleic acid
6
Q
Which have a larger diameter: bronchi or bronchioles?
A
Bronchi
7
Q
Scurvy is caused by a lack of which nutrient?
A
Vitamin C
8
Q
What is the common name for the cranium?
A
Skull
9
Q
What is the hottest and uppermost layer of the earths atmosphere?
A
Thernosphere
10
Q
How many chromosomes do human gametes have?
A
23
11
Q
Define atomic mass
A
An elements atomic mass is the mass of a single atom. It can be approximated by added together the atoms protons and neutrons. One proton or one neutron has a mass roughly equal to one atomic mass unit(amu)
12
Q
Which blood type is the universal blood donor?
A
Type O
13
Q
Where in the body is the tibia located?
A
Lower leg
14
Q
Define trachea
A
The windpipe- the passageway from the throat to the lungs
15
Q
Identify the value and abbreviation of this metric system prefix: hecto
A
Base times 100; h
16
Q
The thick layer that lies between the earths crust and the earths core is the?
A
Mantle
17
Q
How many chromosomes do nonreproductive cells have?
A
46
18
Q
Where in the body is the ulna located?
A
Forearm
19
Q
Our solar systems asteroid belt lies between the orbits of?
A
Mars and Jupiter
20
Q
What role do ribosomes play in the eukaryotic cell?
A
Ribosomes produce protein
21
Q
An acid with a pH of 5 is how many times more acidic than an acid with a pH of 6?
A
10 times
22
Q
A lunar eclipse occurs when?
A
The Earth passes between the moon and the sun
23
Q
Above the stratosphere is the?
A
Mesosphere
24
Q
Variants of genes are known as?
A
Alleles
25
Water freezes at what point in Kelvin?
273
26
In the heart, what chambers collect blood? And what chambers pump blood?
Atria; Centricles
27
When one atom. Ones to another atom by "borrowing" an electron from it, a(n) what bind is formed?
Ionic
28
What is the flu caused by?
Virus
29
Define endometrium
The lining of the uterus
30
Two atoms with the same number of protons and electrons but different number of neurons is called?
Isotopes
31
Name three ways heat can be transferred from one object or medium to another
Conduction, convection, and radiation
32
What role does pepsin play in the body?
Pepsin breaks down proteins in the stomach
33
What is the common name for hypertension?
High blood pressure
34
The ozone layer is a part of the?
Stratospher
35
Where in the body are blood cells created?
Bone marrow
36
If a person has two allies that are different for a particular gene, that person is what for that gene?
Heterozygous
37
Carnivores eat what? While omnivores eat both?
Consumers(animals) producers and consumers (plants and animals)
38
When heat is transferred through electromagnetic waves, this is known as?
Radiation
39
What is the difference between bone and cartilage?
Bones are more rigid and provide the body's framework. Cartilage is more flexible and is found at the ends of bones, joints, and in nose and ears
40
When the earth is closest to the sun it is what season in the northern hemisphere? And in the Southern Hemisphere?
Winter; summer
41
Name the levels of taxonomic classification, from the broadest to the most specific category
Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
(Dear king Phillip, come over for good soup)
42
Rows of the periodic table refer to? While columns refer to?
The number of electron shells in atoms; the number of electrons in the outer shell of atoms
43
Define ovulation
Ovulation is the release of an egg from an ovary, through the Fallopian tube and into the uterus
44
Viruses can replicate only if?
It is inside a hosts cells (that is, viruses cannot replicate outside of a host)
45
When the northern hemisphere is tilted toward the sun, the season is? And in the Southern Hemisphere?
Summer; winter
46
What is an elements atomic number?
The number of protons in one of the elements atoms
47
Identify the value and abbreviation of this metric system prefix: micro
Base times 0.000001; the Greek letter for mu
48
Where in the body is the fibula located?
Lower leg
49
What causes strep throat?
Bacteria (specifically, streptococcus pyogenes, hence the name "strep")
50
What is the difference between an exoskeleton and an endoskeleton?
An exoskeleton is hard exterior structure; an endoskeleton is a frame located inside of the body
51
A recessive trait is displayed in an organism only if?
Both allele for that trait are recessive
52
What type of rock is formed when mineral deposits, such as those carried by a river, hardened over time?
Sedimentary
53
When light reflects off a surface, the angle of what? Is equal to the angle of?
Incidence; reflection
54
Can light travel through a vacuum?
Yes
55
Small objects that enter the earths surface and burn up, creating a visible bright streak in the night sky, are called? If one makes it to the earths surface, it is called a?
Meteors; meteorite
56
The gaseous state of a substance occurs at a what temperature than the liquid state? Which occurs at a what temperature in a solid state?
Higher; higher
57
Gametes are called what because they have half as many chromosomes as normal cells?
Haploid
58
Each row of the periodic table is called a?
Period
59
What animals eat other animals?
Consumers
60
What scale is based on a measurement known as absolute zero?
Kelvin
61
Define genotype
A persons genotype is his entire genetic makeup, including recessive genes
62
Identify the value and abbreviation of this metric system prefix: kilo
Base times 1,000; k
63
When an acid is combined with a base they produce?
Water and salt
64
What type of rock is formed when existing rock material is altered by changes in temperature, pressure, or other processes?
Metamorphic
65
Where in the body is the femur located?
Thigh
66
What is the name for nerve cells?
Neurons
67
Define sublimation
Process by which a solid turns into a gas without passing through a liquid phase
68
The process by which a cell decides, producing two cells both of which are identical to the parent cell, is called?
Mitosis
69
Where in the body is the humerus bone located?
Upper arm
70
The central nervous system is composed of what?
Brain; spinal cord
71
Each person has how many alleles for each trait?
Two(one from each parent)
72
Acidic substances have a pH lower or higher than 7? What about basic substances?
Lower; higher
73
Define vertebrate
A vertebrate is an animal with a spine
74
What are the four blood types?
A, B, AB, and O
75
Antibiotic drugs are not effective against illnesses caused by?
Viruses, diet and lifestyle choices, and genetic disorders
76
What carries sperm from the testes to the penis by way of what?
Vas deferens; prostate
77
Name the planets, in order from the sun outward
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune (My very educated mother just served us nachos)
78
What do white blood cells do?
Fight infection
79
What type of clouds produce precipitation?
Stratus and cumulus
80
If a person has 2 alleles that are alike for a particular gene, that person is what for that particular gene?
Homozygous
81
What does DNA do?
DNA contains instructions for the construction of proteins. It determines an organisms genetic makeup and traits
82
Identify the value and abbreviation of this metric system prefix: deci
Base times 0.1; d
83
Primary consumers are also known as?
Herbivores
84
When two atoms bonding sharing a pair of electrons, what type of bond is formed?
Covalent
85
What's the difference between tendons and ligaments?
Both tendons and ligaments are connective tissues. Tendons connect muscles to bones while ligaments connect bones to other bones
86
What gases are exchanged in human respiration?
Humans take in Oxygen and breath out Carbon Dioxide
87
In the metric system, the basic unit of volume is the?
Liter
88
What carries oxygenated blood? And what carries deoxygenated blood?
Arteries; veins
89
What portion of the brain controls balance and muscle coordination?
Cerebellum
90
In the metric system, the basic unit of length is the?
Meter
91
What type of star is the sun?
G2V or Yellow Dwarf
92
When light bends due to passing through a medium, this bending is referred to as?
Refraction
93
Define capillaries
Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels, which deliver oxygenated blood to the body's tissues and carry away deoxygenated blood
94
When wafer evaporates from the leaves of plants, this is known as?
Transpiration
95
Define gamete
A gamete is a reproductive cell
96
Prokaryotic cells are defined as cells that do not have a?
Nucleus
97
Where in the body are the carpal bones located?
The wrists
98
What are some ways that carbon is removed from the atmosphere?
Photosynthesis or absorption by rain and bodies of water
99
Each column of the periodic table is called a?
Group
100
Define pathogen
A pathogen is a disease-causing agent, such as a bacterium or virus
101
In the metric system, the basic unit of mass or weight is the?
Gram
102
What is the formula for converting a temperature expressed in degrees Celsius into a temperature expressed in degrees Fahrenheit?
F= 9/5C + 32
103
What is the Kuiper belt?
A loose group of asteroids and other material that lies beyond Neptune
104
When hear is transferred through direct contact between two objects this is known as?
Conduction
105
The ratio by which light is slowed when passing through a medium is referred to as the mediums?
Refractive index
106
On the Richter scale, an earthquake of magnitude 2 is how many times greater than an earthquake of magnitude 1?
Ten
107
What are some factors that can contribute to heart disease?
High cholesterol, high blood pressure, lack of exercise, smoking, excess weight
108
What are some ways carbon is released into the atmosphere?
Manufacturing emissions, vehicle emissions, respiration, and decomposing organic matter
109
What is the name of the two largest veins in the body?
Venae cavae (plural of vena cava)
110
What organ produces bile?
Liver
111
What is a ball of ice, frozen gases, and dust that orbits the sun?
Comet
112
Define esophagus
The tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach
113
Can sound travel through a vacuum?
No
114
Red has a lower or higher frequency than violet light?
Lower
115
Absolute zero expressed in degrees Celsius is?
-273 Celsius
116
Identify the value and abbreviation of this metric system prefix: milli
Base times 0.001; m
117
Plant cells have a rigid what? While animal cells do not
Cell wall
118
What is the pH of pure water?
7
119
High-pitched sounds have a what frequency than low-pitched sounds?
Higher
120
Name four major components of blood
Plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
121
When a gas changed to a liquid, this process is known as?
Condensation
122
What type of lens curves outward? What curves inward?
Convex; concave
123
In females, the sex chromosomes are what? While men is?
XX homozygous; XY heterozygous
124
Producers, which make their own food through photosynthesis, are also known as?
Autotrophs
125
What are some minerals that are required for proper nutrition?
Iron, calcium, magnesium, potassium, phosphorous, and zinc
126
The pitch of the sound produced by and ambulances siren seems to change as it passes you. This is an example of the?
Doppler effect
127
What theory explains how chunks of the earths crust and upper mantle slowly move?
Plate tectonics
128
Decomposers, which break down organic matter and release minerals into the soil are known as?
Saprotrophs
129
In cellular respiration, what process uses sugar and oxygen in order to produce energy, water and carbon dioxide?
Mitochondria
130
Elements whose outer shells are completely filled with electrons are?
Noble gases
131
What is the common name of the coccyx?
Tailbone
132
What are some compounds produced by the pancreas?
Pancreatic amylase, lipase, trypsin; and the hormone insulin
133
What time of rock is formed when magma cools?
Igneous
134
Water vapor that entered the atmosphere does what to form clouds?
Condenses
135
Define evaporation
The process by which liquid water becomes water vapor
136
If someone has type A++ blood, the plus sign indicates the?
Rh factor
137
What is he name of the process by which gamers are produced from diploid cells?
Meiosis
138
Identify the value and abbreviation of this metric system prefix: mega
Base times 1,000,000; M
139
When a warm front meets a cold front a likely result would be?
Precipitation
140
In the water cycle, water soaks into the earth in a process known as?
Infiltration
141
Where in the body is the radius located?
Forearm
142
Name three major types of clouds
Stratus, cirrus, and cumulus
143
What is type lowest level of the earth atmosphere?
Troposphere
144
Common name for the larynx
Voice box
145
Carnivores are also known as what type of consumer?
Secondary
146
What gold do proteins play in nutrition?
Proteins enable the body's growth and repair of tissues
