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Science ASVAB Flashcards

1
Q

Identify the value and abbreviation of this metric system prefix: deka

A

Base times 10; da

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2
Q

Name some types of electromagnetic radiation

A

Visible light, radio waves, microwaves, ultraviolet waves, infrared waves, X Rays, and gamma rays

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3
Q

What is the name of the brain generally considered to be the center of intelligence?

A

Cerebrum

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4
Q

Identify the value and abbreviation of this metric system prefix: centi

A

Base times 0.01; c

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5
Q

What does DNA stand for?

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

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6
Q

Which have a larger diameter: bronchi or bronchioles?

A

Bronchi

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7
Q

Scurvy is caused by a lack of which nutrient?

A

Vitamin C

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8
Q

What is the common name for the cranium?

A

Skull

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9
Q

What is the hottest and uppermost layer of the earths atmosphere?

A

Thernosphere

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10
Q

How many chromosomes do human gametes have?

A

23

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11
Q

Define atomic mass

A

An elements atomic mass is the mass of a single atom. It can be approximated by added together the atoms protons and neutrons. One proton or one neutron has a mass roughly equal to one atomic mass unit(amu)

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12
Q

Which blood type is the universal blood donor?

A

Type O

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13
Q

Where in the body is the tibia located?

A

Lower leg

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14
Q

Define trachea

A

The windpipe- the passageway from the throat to the lungs

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15
Q

Identify the value and abbreviation of this metric system prefix: hecto

A

Base times 100; h

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16
Q

The thick layer that lies between the earths crust and the earths core is the?

A

Mantle

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17
Q

How many chromosomes do nonreproductive cells have?

A

46

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18
Q

Where in the body is the ulna located?

A

Forearm

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19
Q

Our solar systems asteroid belt lies between the orbits of?

A

Mars and Jupiter

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20
Q

What role do ribosomes play in the eukaryotic cell?

A

Ribosomes produce protein

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21
Q

An acid with a pH of 5 is how many times more acidic than an acid with a pH of 6?

A

10 times

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22
Q

A lunar eclipse occurs when?

A

The Earth passes between the moon and the sun

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23
Q

Above the stratosphere is the?

A

Mesosphere

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24
Q

Variants of genes are known as?

A

Alleles

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25
Q

Water freezes at what point in Kelvin?

A

273

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26
Q

In the heart, what chambers collect blood? And what chambers pump blood?

A

Atria; Centricles

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27
Q

When one atom. Ones to another atom by “borrowing” an electron from it, a(n) what bind is formed?

A

Ionic

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28
Q

What is the flu caused by?

A

Virus

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29
Q

Define endometrium

A

The lining of the uterus

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30
Q

Two atoms with the same number of protons and electrons but different number of neurons is called?

A

Isotopes

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31
Q

Name three ways heat can be transferred from one object or medium to another

A

Conduction, convection, and radiation

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32
Q

What role does pepsin play in the body?

A

Pepsin breaks down proteins in the stomach

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33
Q

What is the common name for hypertension?

A

High blood pressure

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34
Q

The ozone layer is a part of the?

A

Stratospher

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35
Q

Where in the body are blood cells created?

A

Bone marrow

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36
Q

If a person has two allies that are different for a particular gene, that person is what for that gene?

A

Heterozygous

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37
Q

Carnivores eat what? While omnivores eat both?

A

Consumers(animals) producers and consumers (plants and animals)

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38
Q

When heat is transferred through electromagnetic waves, this is known as?

A

Radiation

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39
Q

What is the difference between bone and cartilage?

A

Bones are more rigid and provide the body’s framework. Cartilage is more flexible and is found at the ends of bones, joints, and in nose and ears

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40
Q

When the earth is closest to the sun it is what season in the northern hemisphere? And in the Southern Hemisphere?

A

Winter; summer

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41
Q

Name the levels of taxonomic classification, from the broadest to the most specific category

A

Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
(Dear king Phillip, come over for good soup)

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42
Q

Rows of the periodic table refer to? While columns refer to?

A

The number of electron shells in atoms; the number of electrons in the outer shell of atoms

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43
Q

Define ovulation

A

Ovulation is the release of an egg from an ovary, through the Fallopian tube and into the uterus

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44
Q

Viruses can replicate only if?

A

It is inside a hosts cells (that is, viruses cannot replicate outside of a host)

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45
Q

When the northern hemisphere is tilted toward the sun, the season is? And in the Southern Hemisphere?

A

Summer; winter

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46
Q

What is an elements atomic number?

A

The number of protons in one of the elements atoms

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47
Q

Identify the value and abbreviation of this metric system prefix: micro

A

Base times 0.000001; the Greek letter for mu

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48
Q

Where in the body is the fibula located?

A

Lower leg

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49
Q

What causes strep throat?

A

Bacteria (specifically, streptococcus pyogenes, hence the name “strep”)

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50
Q

What is the difference between an exoskeleton and an endoskeleton?

A

An exoskeleton is hard exterior structure; an endoskeleton is a frame located inside of the body

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51
Q

A recessive trait is displayed in an organism only if?

A

Both allele for that trait are recessive

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52
Q

What type of rock is formed when mineral deposits, such as those carried by a river, hardened over time?

A

Sedimentary

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53
Q

When light reflects off a surface, the angle of what? Is equal to the angle of?

A

Incidence; reflection

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54
Q

Can light travel through a vacuum?

A

Yes

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55
Q

Small objects that enter the earths surface and burn up, creating a visible bright streak in the night sky, are called? If one makes it to the earths surface, it is called a?

A

Meteors; meteorite

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56
Q

The gaseous state of a substance occurs at a what temperature than the liquid state? Which occurs at a what temperature in a solid state?

A

Higher; higher

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57
Q

Gametes are called what because they have half as many chromosomes as normal cells?

A

Haploid

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58
Q

Each row of the periodic table is called a?

A

Period

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59
Q

What animals eat other animals?

A

Consumers

60
Q

What scale is based on a measurement known as absolute zero?

A

Kelvin

61
Q

Define genotype

A

A persons genotype is his entire genetic makeup, including recessive genes

62
Q

Identify the value and abbreviation of this metric system prefix: kilo

A

Base times 1,000; k

63
Q

When an acid is combined with a base they produce?

A

Water and salt

64
Q

What type of rock is formed when existing rock material is altered by changes in temperature, pressure, or other processes?

A

Metamorphic

65
Q

Where in the body is the femur located?

A

Thigh

66
Q

What is the name for nerve cells?

A

Neurons

67
Q

Define sublimation

A

Process by which a solid turns into a gas without passing through a liquid phase

68
Q

The process by which a cell decides, producing two cells both of which are identical to the parent cell, is called?

A

Mitosis

69
Q

Where in the body is the humerus bone located?

A

Upper arm

70
Q

The central nervous system is composed of what?

A

Brain; spinal cord

71
Q

Each person has how many alleles for each trait?

A

Two(one from each parent)

72
Q

Acidic substances have a pH lower or higher than 7? What about basic substances?

A

Lower; higher

73
Q

Define vertebrate

A

A vertebrate is an animal with a spine

74
Q

What are the four blood types?

A

A, B, AB, and O

75
Q

Antibiotic drugs are not effective against illnesses caused by?

A

Viruses, diet and lifestyle choices, and genetic disorders

76
Q

What carries sperm from the testes to the penis by way of what?

A

Vas deferens; prostate

77
Q

Name the planets, in order from the sun outward

A

Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune (My very educated mother just served us nachos)

78
Q

What do white blood cells do?

A

Fight infection

79
Q

What type of clouds produce precipitation?

A

Stratus and cumulus

80
Q

If a person has 2 alleles that are alike for a particular gene, that person is what for that particular gene?

A

Homozygous

81
Q

What does DNA do?

A

DNA contains instructions for the construction of proteins. It determines an organisms genetic makeup and traits

82
Q

Identify the value and abbreviation of this metric system prefix: deci

A

Base times 0.1; d

83
Q

Primary consumers are also known as?

A

Herbivores

84
Q

When two atoms bonding sharing a pair of electrons, what type of bond is formed?

A

Covalent

85
Q

What’s the difference between tendons and ligaments?

A

Both tendons and ligaments are connective tissues. Tendons connect muscles to bones while ligaments connect bones to other bones

86
Q

What gases are exchanged in human respiration?

A

Humans take in Oxygen and breath out Carbon Dioxide

87
Q

In the metric system, the basic unit of volume is the?

A

Liter

88
Q

What carries oxygenated blood? And what carries deoxygenated blood?

A

Arteries; veins

89
Q

What portion of the brain controls balance and muscle coordination?

A

Cerebellum

90
Q

In the metric system, the basic unit of length is the?

A

Meter

91
Q

What type of star is the sun?

A

G2V or Yellow Dwarf

92
Q

When light bends due to passing through a medium, this bending is referred to as?

A

Refraction

93
Q

Define capillaries

A

Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels, which deliver oxygenated blood to the body’s tissues and carry away deoxygenated blood

94
Q

When wafer evaporates from the leaves of plants, this is known as?

A

Transpiration

95
Q

Define gamete

A

A gamete is a reproductive cell

96
Q

Prokaryotic cells are defined as cells that do not have a?

A

Nucleus

97
Q

Where in the body are the carpal bones located?

A

The wrists

98
Q

What are some ways that carbon is removed from the atmosphere?

A

Photosynthesis or absorption by rain and bodies of water

99
Q

Each column of the periodic table is called a?

A

Group

100
Q

Define pathogen

A

A pathogen is a disease-causing agent, such as a bacterium or virus

101
Q

In the metric system, the basic unit of mass or weight is the?

A

Gram

102
Q

What is the formula for converting a temperature expressed in degrees Celsius into a temperature expressed in degrees Fahrenheit?

A

F= 9/5C + 32

103
Q

What is the Kuiper belt?

A

A loose group of asteroids and other material that lies beyond Neptune

104
Q

When hear is transferred through direct contact between two objects this is known as?

A

Conduction

105
Q

The ratio by which light is slowed when passing through a medium is referred to as the mediums?

A

Refractive index

106
Q

On the Richter scale, an earthquake of magnitude 2 is how many times greater than an earthquake of magnitude 1?

A

Ten

107
Q

What are some factors that can contribute to heart disease?

A

High cholesterol, high blood pressure, lack of exercise, smoking, excess weight

108
Q

What are some ways carbon is released into the atmosphere?

A

Manufacturing emissions, vehicle emissions, respiration, and decomposing organic matter

109
Q

What is the name of the two largest veins in the body?

A

Venae cavae (plural of vena cava)

110
Q

What organ produces bile?

A

Liver

111
Q

What is a ball of ice, frozen gases, and dust that orbits the sun?

A

Comet

112
Q

Define esophagus

A

The tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach

113
Q

Can sound travel through a vacuum?

A

No

114
Q

Red has a lower or higher frequency than violet light?

A

Lower

115
Q

Absolute zero expressed in degrees Celsius is?

A

-273 Celsius

116
Q

Identify the value and abbreviation of this metric system prefix: milli

A

Base times 0.001; m

117
Q

Plant cells have a rigid what? While animal cells do not

A

Cell wall

118
Q

What is the pH of pure water?

A

7

119
Q

High-pitched sounds have a what frequency than low-pitched sounds?

A

Higher

120
Q

Name four major components of blood

A

Plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

121
Q

When a gas changed to a liquid, this process is known as?

A

Condensation

122
Q

What type of lens curves outward? What curves inward?

A

Convex; concave

123
Q

In females, the sex chromosomes are what? While men is?

A

XX homozygous; XY heterozygous

124
Q

Producers, which make their own food through photosynthesis, are also known as?

A

Autotrophs

125
Q

What are some minerals that are required for proper nutrition?

A

Iron, calcium, magnesium, potassium, phosphorous, and zinc

126
Q

The pitch of the sound produced by and ambulances siren seems to change as it passes you. This is an example of the?

A

Doppler effect

127
Q

What theory explains how chunks of the earths crust and upper mantle slowly move?

A

Plate tectonics

128
Q

Decomposers, which break down organic matter and release minerals into the soil are known as?

A

Saprotrophs

129
Q

In cellular respiration, what process uses sugar and oxygen in order to produce energy, water and carbon dioxide?

A

Mitochondria

130
Q

Elements whose outer shells are completely filled with electrons are?

A

Noble gases

131
Q

What is the common name of the coccyx?

A

Tailbone

132
Q

What are some compounds produced by the pancreas?

A

Pancreatic amylase, lipase, trypsin; and the hormone insulin

133
Q

What time of rock is formed when magma cools?

A

Igneous

134
Q

Water vapor that entered the atmosphere does what to form clouds?

A

Condenses

135
Q

Define evaporation

A

The process by which liquid water becomes water vapor

136
Q

If someone has type A++ blood, the plus sign indicates the?

A

Rh factor

137
Q

What is he name of the process by which gamers are produced from diploid cells?

A

Meiosis

138
Q

Identify the value and abbreviation of this metric system prefix: mega

A

Base times 1,000,000; M

139
Q

When a warm front meets a cold front a likely result would be?

A

Precipitation

140
Q

In the water cycle, water soaks into the earth in a process known as?

A

Infiltration

141
Q

Where in the body is the radius located?

A

Forearm

142
Q

Name three major types of clouds

A

Stratus, cirrus, and cumulus

143
Q

What is type lowest level of the earth atmosphere?

A

Troposphere

144
Q

Common name for the larynx

A

Voice box

145
Q

Carnivores are also known as what type of consumer?

A

Secondary

146
Q

What gold do proteins play in nutrition?

A

Proteins enable the body’s growth and repair of tissues

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