Science ASVAB Flashcards
Identify the value and abbreviation of this metric system prefix: deka
Base times 10; da
Name some types of electromagnetic radiation
Visible light, radio waves, microwaves, ultraviolet waves, infrared waves, X Rays, and gamma rays
What is the name of the brain generally considered to be the center of intelligence?
Cerebrum
Identify the value and abbreviation of this metric system prefix: centi
Base times 0.01; c
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Which have a larger diameter: bronchi or bronchioles?
Bronchi
Scurvy is caused by a lack of which nutrient?
Vitamin C
What is the common name for the cranium?
Skull
What is the hottest and uppermost layer of the earths atmosphere?
Thernosphere
How many chromosomes do human gametes have?
23
Define atomic mass
An elements atomic mass is the mass of a single atom. It can be approximated by added together the atoms protons and neutrons. One proton or one neutron has a mass roughly equal to one atomic mass unit(amu)
Which blood type is the universal blood donor?
Type O
Where in the body is the tibia located?
Lower leg
Define trachea
The windpipe- the passageway from the throat to the lungs
Identify the value and abbreviation of this metric system prefix: hecto
Base times 100; h
The thick layer that lies between the earths crust and the earths core is the?
Mantle
How many chromosomes do nonreproductive cells have?
46
Where in the body is the ulna located?
Forearm
Our solar systems asteroid belt lies between the orbits of?
Mars and Jupiter
What role do ribosomes play in the eukaryotic cell?
Ribosomes produce protein
An acid with a pH of 5 is how many times more acidic than an acid with a pH of 6?
10 times
A lunar eclipse occurs when?
The Earth passes between the moon and the sun
Above the stratosphere is the?
Mesosphere
Variants of genes are known as?
Alleles
Water freezes at what point in Kelvin?
273
In the heart, what chambers collect blood? And what chambers pump blood?
Atria; Centricles
When one atom. Ones to another atom by “borrowing” an electron from it, a(n) what bind is formed?
Ionic
What is the flu caused by?
Virus
Define endometrium
The lining of the uterus
Two atoms with the same number of protons and electrons but different number of neurons is called?
Isotopes
Name three ways heat can be transferred from one object or medium to another
Conduction, convection, and radiation
What role does pepsin play in the body?
Pepsin breaks down proteins in the stomach
What is the common name for hypertension?
High blood pressure
The ozone layer is a part of the?
Stratospher
Where in the body are blood cells created?
Bone marrow
If a person has two allies that are different for a particular gene, that person is what for that gene?
Heterozygous
Carnivores eat what? While omnivores eat both?
Consumers(animals) producers and consumers (plants and animals)
When heat is transferred through electromagnetic waves, this is known as?
Radiation
What is the difference between bone and cartilage?
Bones are more rigid and provide the body’s framework. Cartilage is more flexible and is found at the ends of bones, joints, and in nose and ears
When the earth is closest to the sun it is what season in the northern hemisphere? And in the Southern Hemisphere?
Winter; summer
Name the levels of taxonomic classification, from the broadest to the most specific category
Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
(Dear king Phillip, come over for good soup)
Rows of the periodic table refer to? While columns refer to?
The number of electron shells in atoms; the number of electrons in the outer shell of atoms
Define ovulation
Ovulation is the release of an egg from an ovary, through the Fallopian tube and into the uterus
Viruses can replicate only if?
It is inside a hosts cells (that is, viruses cannot replicate outside of a host)
When the northern hemisphere is tilted toward the sun, the season is? And in the Southern Hemisphere?
Summer; winter
What is an elements atomic number?
The number of protons in one of the elements atoms
Identify the value and abbreviation of this metric system prefix: micro
Base times 0.000001; the Greek letter for mu
Where in the body is the fibula located?
Lower leg
What causes strep throat?
Bacteria (specifically, streptococcus pyogenes, hence the name “strep”)
What is the difference between an exoskeleton and an endoskeleton?
An exoskeleton is hard exterior structure; an endoskeleton is a frame located inside of the body
A recessive trait is displayed in an organism only if?
Both allele for that trait are recessive
What type of rock is formed when mineral deposits, such as those carried by a river, hardened over time?
Sedimentary
When light reflects off a surface, the angle of what? Is equal to the angle of?
Incidence; reflection
Can light travel through a vacuum?
Yes
Small objects that enter the earths surface and burn up, creating a visible bright streak in the night sky, are called? If one makes it to the earths surface, it is called a?
Meteors; meteorite
The gaseous state of a substance occurs at a what temperature than the liquid state? Which occurs at a what temperature in a solid state?
Higher; higher
Gametes are called what because they have half as many chromosomes as normal cells?
Haploid
Each row of the periodic table is called a?
Period
What animals eat other animals?
Consumers
What scale is based on a measurement known as absolute zero?
Kelvin
Define genotype
A persons genotype is his entire genetic makeup, including recessive genes
Identify the value and abbreviation of this metric system prefix: kilo
Base times 1,000; k
When an acid is combined with a base they produce?
Water and salt
What type of rock is formed when existing rock material is altered by changes in temperature, pressure, or other processes?
Metamorphic
Where in the body is the femur located?
Thigh
What is the name for nerve cells?
Neurons
Define sublimation
Process by which a solid turns into a gas without passing through a liquid phase
The process by which a cell decides, producing two cells both of which are identical to the parent cell, is called?
Mitosis
Where in the body is the humerus bone located?
Upper arm
The central nervous system is composed of what?
Brain; spinal cord
Each person has how many alleles for each trait?
Two(one from each parent)
Acidic substances have a pH lower or higher than 7? What about basic substances?
Lower; higher
Define vertebrate
A vertebrate is an animal with a spine
What are the four blood types?
A, B, AB, and O
Antibiotic drugs are not effective against illnesses caused by?
Viruses, diet and lifestyle choices, and genetic disorders
What carries sperm from the testes to the penis by way of what?
Vas deferens; prostate
Name the planets, in order from the sun outward
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune (My very educated mother just served us nachos)
What do white blood cells do?
Fight infection
What type of clouds produce precipitation?
Stratus and cumulus
If a person has 2 alleles that are alike for a particular gene, that person is what for that particular gene?
Homozygous
What does DNA do?
DNA contains instructions for the construction of proteins. It determines an organisms genetic makeup and traits
Identify the value and abbreviation of this metric system prefix: deci
Base times 0.1; d
Primary consumers are also known as?
Herbivores
When two atoms bonding sharing a pair of electrons, what type of bond is formed?
Covalent
What’s the difference between tendons and ligaments?
Both tendons and ligaments are connective tissues. Tendons connect muscles to bones while ligaments connect bones to other bones
What gases are exchanged in human respiration?
Humans take in Oxygen and breath out Carbon Dioxide
In the metric system, the basic unit of volume is the?
Liter
What carries oxygenated blood? And what carries deoxygenated blood?
Arteries; veins
What portion of the brain controls balance and muscle coordination?
Cerebellum
In the metric system, the basic unit of length is the?
Meter
What type of star is the sun?
G2V or Yellow Dwarf
When light bends due to passing through a medium, this bending is referred to as?
Refraction
Define capillaries
Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels, which deliver oxygenated blood to the body’s tissues and carry away deoxygenated blood
When wafer evaporates from the leaves of plants, this is known as?
Transpiration
Define gamete
A gamete is a reproductive cell
Prokaryotic cells are defined as cells that do not have a?
Nucleus
Where in the body are the carpal bones located?
The wrists
What are some ways that carbon is removed from the atmosphere?
Photosynthesis or absorption by rain and bodies of water
Each column of the periodic table is called a?
Group
Define pathogen
A pathogen is a disease-causing agent, such as a bacterium or virus
In the metric system, the basic unit of mass or weight is the?
Gram
What is the formula for converting a temperature expressed in degrees Celsius into a temperature expressed in degrees Fahrenheit?
F= 9/5C + 32
What is the Kuiper belt?
A loose group of asteroids and other material that lies beyond Neptune
When hear is transferred through direct contact between two objects this is known as?
Conduction
The ratio by which light is slowed when passing through a medium is referred to as the mediums?
Refractive index
On the Richter scale, an earthquake of magnitude 2 is how many times greater than an earthquake of magnitude 1?
Ten
What are some factors that can contribute to heart disease?
High cholesterol, high blood pressure, lack of exercise, smoking, excess weight
What are some ways carbon is released into the atmosphere?
Manufacturing emissions, vehicle emissions, respiration, and decomposing organic matter
What is the name of the two largest veins in the body?
Venae cavae (plural of vena cava)
What organ produces bile?
Liver
What is a ball of ice, frozen gases, and dust that orbits the sun?
Comet
Define esophagus
The tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach
Can sound travel through a vacuum?
No
Red has a lower or higher frequency than violet light?
Lower
Absolute zero expressed in degrees Celsius is?
-273 Celsius
Identify the value and abbreviation of this metric system prefix: milli
Base times 0.001; m
Plant cells have a rigid what? While animal cells do not
Cell wall
What is the pH of pure water?
7
High-pitched sounds have a what frequency than low-pitched sounds?
Higher
Name four major components of blood
Plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
When a gas changed to a liquid, this process is known as?
Condensation
What type of lens curves outward? What curves inward?
Convex; concave
In females, the sex chromosomes are what? While men is?
XX homozygous; XY heterozygous
Producers, which make their own food through photosynthesis, are also known as?
Autotrophs
What are some minerals that are required for proper nutrition?
Iron, calcium, magnesium, potassium, phosphorous, and zinc
The pitch of the sound produced by and ambulances siren seems to change as it passes you. This is an example of the?
Doppler effect
What theory explains how chunks of the earths crust and upper mantle slowly move?
Plate tectonics
Decomposers, which break down organic matter and release minerals into the soil are known as?
Saprotrophs
In cellular respiration, what process uses sugar and oxygen in order to produce energy, water and carbon dioxide?
Mitochondria
Elements whose outer shells are completely filled with electrons are?
Noble gases
What is the common name of the coccyx?
Tailbone
What are some compounds produced by the pancreas?
Pancreatic amylase, lipase, trypsin; and the hormone insulin
What time of rock is formed when magma cools?
Igneous
Water vapor that entered the atmosphere does what to form clouds?
Condenses
Define evaporation
The process by which liquid water becomes water vapor
If someone has type A++ blood, the plus sign indicates the?
Rh factor
What is he name of the process by which gamers are produced from diploid cells?
Meiosis
Identify the value and abbreviation of this metric system prefix: mega
Base times 1,000,000; M
When a warm front meets a cold front a likely result would be?
Precipitation
In the water cycle, water soaks into the earth in a process known as?
Infiltration
Where in the body is the radius located?
Forearm
Name three major types of clouds
Stratus, cirrus, and cumulus
What is type lowest level of the earth atmosphere?
Troposphere
Common name for the larynx
Voice box
Carnivores are also known as what type of consumer?
Secondary
What gold do proteins play in nutrition?
Proteins enable the body’s growth and repair of tissues
