science answers Flashcards
where do ribosomes live in the cell and what type of synthesis to they engage in?
engage in protein synthesis in the cytosol
What is cytosol and what does it do?
it is a fluid that bathes the interior of the cell, made up of water, proteins, organelles (float there)
It allows functions of life to take place
What is the cytoplasm and where is it?
Cytoplasm is a thick solution of water, salts and proteins
Located inside the cell membrane
rate vs conc graph for 0 order, 1st, 2nd order, what is the grad like?
0 = straight horizontal 1 = straight diagonal 2 = curved upwards
conc vs time graph for 0 order, 1st, 2nd order, what is the grad like?
0 = straight diagonal 1 = curved 2 = curved
log(x)=y
10^y=x
log(10)=?
1
log(1)=?
0
The reaction does NOT occur if E^0 is what?
Less than 0
what direction is the acceleration of an object moving in a circle at a constant speed?
Towards the centre of the circle
In a pipe/ tube, if area decreases, how does this effect velocity and pressure?
the area decrease means a velocity increase and pressure decrease
calculation to find flow in a tube
flow= vol/time
flow= Av
flow is constant throughout tube!
increased heat of solution changes the solubility of the GAS in solution, how?
solubility of gas decreases with temp increase (pop goes flat when left out of fridge)
strong acid means a what conj base?
HCl (acid) + NH3 =
How does this link dissociation constants of acids and bases?
weak conj base
Cl- (weak base) + NH4+ (conj acid)
high pKa = low pKb
strong acid has a …. Ka and …. pKa?
strong acid has a high Ka and low pKa (low pH for it to dissociate)
enthalpy is - means
exothermic, rxn makes heat
enthalpy is + means
endo, rxn takes in heat
for a rxn to go spontaneously forward, change in Gibbs E must be
negative
0 means rxn is in eqlb - K=1
how to calc the critical angle (remember, second medium has lower refractive index!)
sin(critical angle)=n2/n1
How is frequency of a wave affected when it travels through a diff medium?
it is not! wavelenght = velocity / freq
How is the wavelength of a wave affected when it travels through a diff medium?
It decreases (so does velocity) white light seperates into colours Intensity is the rate of E propagation, when wave enters denser medium, velocity and energy decrease
If a characteristic for a gene is sex linked (linked to x chromosome) what sex will get the characteristic more?
men (xy) will get characteristic more than (xx)
hypo means what
slowed down
hyper means what
overactive
how does a neg feedback mech effect deviation from ideal normal value?
neg feedback = decrease deviation / helps maintain homeostasis / reach n maintain eqlbm
endocrine glands (glands which secrete hormones etc directly into blood) are under control by what type of feedback mech?
negative feedback mech
How do neg feedback mechs work?
parameter is so wrong that it triggers mech to turn on, once the normal value is reached again it turns off - like air conditioning (needs continuous adjustment)
How do pos feedback mechs work?
increase deviation from normal value without continuous adjustment (therefore not used to reach eqlbm or regulate homeostasis functions)
1 dm^3 = …. cm^3
1000
formaldehyde structure
H-(C=O)-H
osmosis
WATER transferred across membrane by conc grad
diffusion
movement of substance from high conc to low conc across membrane
active transport
moves substance AGAINST conc grad
how can you see the effect changing parameters have?
must establish eqlbm first then measure
Brownsted Lowry
acid: donates proton
base: accepts proton
Lewis
acid: accepts electrons
base: donates electrons
Arrhenius
acid: produces H+ ions in solution
base: produces OH- ions in solution
size of muscle is proportional to .. ?
strength
where does left ventricle pump blood to?
body tissues