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STS 100 > Science and Technology in the Ancient Times > Flashcards

Science and Technology in the Ancient Times Flashcards

1
Q

The ancient civilizations

A

Sumerian, Babylonian, Egyptian, Cretan (Minoan)

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2
Q

Name of place of the Sumerians

A

Sumer

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3
Q

Sumer was located at

A

Southernmost region of Ancient Mesopotamia

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4
Q

Ancient Mesopotamia is currently knowns as

A

Iraq and Kuwait

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5
Q

It is known as the cradle of the world’s earliest known civilization

A

Sumer

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6
Q

Sumer was first established in what period

A

3600 BC

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7
Q

known as the “first cities” in world

A

Sumer

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8
Q

they transformed families into tribes into cities then into states

A

Sumerians

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9
Q

first writing system of the Sumerian; pictographs and drawings as basis

A

Cuneiform

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10
Q

Cuneiform was first used in what period

A

3100 BC

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11
Q

It contains Sumerian system historical information and culture

A

Sumerian Clay Tablet

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12
Q

The Sumerian clay tablet began as __ and evolved into

A
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12
Q

The Sumerian clay tablet began as __ and evolved into __

A

record keeping, laws and stories

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13
Q

mechanical device that is a heavy flat disk made of hardened clay–where concept of wheel grew out during 3500 BC in Sumer

A

Potter’s Wheel

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14
Q

were among the first astronomers

A

Sumerians

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15
Q

built the foundation of logic, mathematics, engineering, architecture, agriculture, transportations, and medicine

A

Sumerians

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16
Q

It serves as the basis of 360 degree circle and 60 minutes of an hour–counting units of 60 of the Sumerians

A

Sexagesimal system

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17
Q

the systemized techniques developed by Sumerians

A

seed plowing and irrigation

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18
Q

is used by Sumerians to turn into textiles

A

Wools of sheep

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19
Q

the Sumerians mastered the art of

A

bleaching and dyeing

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20
Q

It was the ancient region bordering Tigris and Euphrates (Iraq)

A

Babylonian

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21
Q

Capital of the Babylonian

A

Babylon

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22
Q

served as commercial and religious center in Tigris-Euphrates Valley

A

Babylon

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23
Q

First leader of the Babylonians

A

Hammurabi

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24
Q

Period of Hammurabi

A

1792-1750 BC

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25
Q

was the creator of the Hammurabi Law of Babylon

A

Hammurabi

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26
Q

Neo Babylonian Emperor

A

Nebuchadnezzar

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27
Q

Nebuchadnezzar built:

A

Hanging gardens of Babylon, Isthar Gate

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28
Q

Contribution of Babylon to science and technology

A
  • irrigation
  • system of book keeping
  • double entry accounting
  • multiplication and division tables
  • calculations using geometry
29
Q

predicted the lunar and solar eclipses

A

Babylonians

30
Q

Egypt was located in

A

Northeastern part of the African continent along the Nile River

31
Q

early settlers in Egypt that turned to farm settlers

A

Nomadic animal hunters

32
Q

they learned to heat metal ores and made utensils and weapons with it

A

Ancient Egyptians

33
Q

they ay have been the first to make glass

A

Egyptians

34
Q

paper used by Egyptians

A

Papyrus reels

35
Q

writing system of Egyptians

A

Hieroglyphics

36
Q

because of their knowledge in anatomy, surgery and medical plants, Egyptians were able to do this to their dead

A

embalm

37
Q

He created the first 365 days calendar

A

Imhotep

38
Q

the Egyptians based their calendars on what

A

phases of the moon and the disappearance and appearance of Sirius

39
Q

Egyptians built:

A
  • pyramids
  • Giza Necropolis
  • Great Sphinx
  • Ruins of Memphis
  • Valley of Kings
40
Q

oldest of ancient wonders

A

Giza Necropolis

41
Q

Cretans are located in

A

island of Crete and other Aegean islands like Santorini

42
Q

Crete flourished in what period

A

2600 to 1400 BC

43
Q

Crete was rediscovered in the 20th century by British Archaeologist

A

Arthur Evans

44
Q

who said “the first link in the European chain”?

A

Will Durant

45
Q

it is the first link in the European chain

A

Crete

46
Q

ruler of Bronze Age civilization of Crete

A

King Minos

47
Q

Capital of Crete

A

Knossos

48
Q

grandest site of Bronze age palaces

A

Knossos

49
Q

Crete is located between

A

Turkey, Egypt, and Greece

50
Q

they were engaged in overseas trade

A

Minoans

51
Q

many historians believed that they were involved in tin trade during Bronze Age

A

Minoans

52
Q

Crete became central exporters of:

A
  • wine
  • oil
  • jewelry
  • highly-crafted works
53
Q

Crete became importers of:

A
  • raw materials

- food

54
Q

Minoans carved:

A
  • statues
  • ceramics
  • frescoes
  • jewels
  • inscriptions
55
Q

Crete constructed:

A
  • well drainage systems
  • public halls
  • courtyards
  • religious shrines
56
Q

Minoan stone-paved roads were made of:

A
  • blocks cut

- bronze saws

57
Q

Minoan cities were connected by

A

stone-paved roads

58
Q

Minoan streets have

A

drainage and sewer facilities

59
Q

around 1600 BC, this land was shaken by Earthquake in Crete

A

Akrotiri

60
Q

It blasted more than 10 million tons of ashes, gas and rock 25 miles into the atmosphere

A

Theran eruption

61
Q

it destroyed Knossos 50 years later

A

earthquakes and fires

62
Q

the Sumerians created this to expand trade

A

sailboats

63
Q

the Sumerians sailboats are made of

A

papyrus and wood

64
Q

the Ancient Egyptians are dependent on these waters

A

Nile River

65
Q

Ancient Egyptian’s agriculture is supported by extensive:

A

irrigation system

66
Q

Egyptians also engaged in:

A
  1. constructions of canals
  2. plants wheat and barley
  3. Food
  4. They bred
  5. Manufactures
67
Q

What did Ancient Egyptians do with their food?

A
  • broil
  • baked
  • stewed
  • fried
  • grilled
  • roasted
68
Q

what did the Ancient Egyptians bred?

A
  • geese
  • goats
  • ducks
  • cattle
  • pigs
  • sheep
69
Q

what did the Ancient Egyptians manufactured?

A
  • soap
  • perfumes
  • cream
  • oils
  • dyes
  • make up

STS 100 (2 decks)

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