Science and Scientific Approach Flashcards
nature of science
Scientific knowledge is tentative, Nature of facts/hypotheses/theories
Facts,. Scientific methods, Observations and inferences, Human error
are observable
phenomenon in a particular situation
Facts
an educated guess
Hypotheses
a statement, based on previous
observations, that can be tested
scientifically
Hypotheses
ideas that have not been validated
Theories
broadly based concepts that make
sense of a large body of observations
and experimentation
Theories
quite restrictive in its scope
Scientific methods
scientists usually do not walk through
the method sequentially
. Scientific methods
they often bounce around, perhaps
forming a new hypothesis during
experimentation
. Scientific methods
description of an environment based
on our five senses
Observations
- bringing our past experience into
making a judgment based on an
observation
Inferences
scientists are still human and make
mistakes
Human Error
Generally accepted Ethical Principles in
the Conduct of Science
-accurate recordkeeping
* openness
* replication
* critical review of one’s work by peers
scientists differ greatly from one another
in
* what phenomena they investigate and
in how they go about their work
* the reliance they place on historical
data or on experimental findings and on
qualitative or quantitative methods
Scientific inquiry
SCIENCE
Science demands Evidence
Science Is a Blend of Logic and
Imagination
Science Explains and Predicts
Scientists try to Identify and Avoid Bias
Science Is Not Authoritarian
Science is a Complex Social Activity
Science is Organized into Content
Disciplines and is Conducted in Various
Institutions
Scientists Participate in Public Affairs
Both as Specialists and as Citizens
