Science A1 +2

Question 1

Dalton

Answer 1

Analogy: “The Billiard Ball”

• Atoms are the smallest particles of matter + are invisible\
• All atoms of the same element are identical but differ from other elements

Question 2

JJ Thompson

Answer 2

Analogy: “The Rasin Bun”

• Atoms had tiny negatively charged particles (electrons)
• Atoms are composed of a positive matrix w/negatively charged particles

Question 3

Rutherford

Answer 3

Analogy: “nuclear”

Stated most of an atom is empty space but contains particles with a positive nucleus and electrons orbit it (gold foil)

Question 4

Bohr

Answer 4

Analogy: “A solar system”
-colors of light
Electrons existed in a number of energy levels (orbits)

Question 5

Heisenberg + Schrodinger

Answer 5

Analogy: “The Cloud”

• Not possible to know the path electrons take around nucleus.
• Quantum Theory
• Mathematical

Question 6

Democritus

Answer 6

• Ancient Greeks started the idea about atoms
• Democritus proposed that all matter was made of particles that could not be divided
• Called them Atomos (meaning invisible)

Question 7

Who created the periodic table

Answer 7

Dmitri Mendeleev

Question 8

Groups, Family, Period

Answer 8

Group/Family = vertical column;
-members have similar chemical properties
Period = horizontal row
Elements are classified by metals and non-metals (bold staircase)

Question 9

Alkali metals, Alkali earth metals, Halogens, Noble gases

Answer 9

AM- Group 1 or first row on the very left (most reactive)
AEM- Group 2
Halogens - Group 17
Noble gases- Group 18 (least reactive)

Question 10

Bohr Model

Answer 10

Neutrons and protons in the middle, electrons orbit

Question 11

Atomic # = Protons (Carbon is #6, so Carbon will have 6 protons)

Answer 11

atomic mass is Protons + Neutrons

Question 12

Isotopes

Answer 12

Atoms of an element that differ in a number of neutrons and atomic mass.

Question 13

Ions

Answer 13

an atom that has gained or lost electrons or has a charge, it is an ion.
If an element loses one or more electrons to become a positively charged ion, it is called a cation.
Elements that gain electrons to become ions are known as anions.

Question 14

How many electron rings would magnesium have?

Answer 14

3 because its found in period 3

Question 15

Ionic + Molecular compounds are

Answer 15

When 2 or more different elements chemically
combine/bond a compound is formed.
Ionic is a Cation+Anion

Question 16

Ionic compounds

Answer 16

Ionic is a Cation+Anion
Ionic compounds are crystalline solids at SATP (standard
atmospheric temperature and pressure), have relatively
high melting points, and are good conductors of
electricity

Question 17

Molecular compounds

Answer 17

Molecular compounds form when 2 or more nonmetallic
atoms share electrons and bond covalently. Molecular compounds may be solid, liquid, or gaseous at SATP, but tend to have relatively low melting points and are non-conductors, with the exception of acids.

Question 18

Molecular Entities

Answer 18

non-metals only

Question 19

Molecular element

Answer 19

These include H2, O2, N2, P4, S8, and all the halogens.

Fluorine gas- F2

Question 20

Formula for water, ammonia, and hydrogen peroxide

Answer 20

H2O, NH3, N2O2

Question 21

Ionic + convalent bonds

Answer 21

= intramolecular bonds; bonds found between atoms within a molecule.

Question 22

Arrhenius

Answer 22

suggested that acids are compounds
that contain hydrogen and can dissolve in water
to release hydrogen ions into a solution.

Question 23

Buffers

Answer 23

Substances that can act to neutralize both acids and bases in order to minimize changes in pH

Question 24

Nomenclature

Answer 24

Nomenclature is the process of naming chemical compounds with different names so that they can be easily identified as separate chemicals.

Question 25

metallurgy

Answer 25

the refining and modifying of metals, tools and weapons are created

Question 26

lightest element and heaviest

Answer 26

hydrogen (light)

uranium (heavy)

Question 27

atoms

Answer 27

have no charge