Science 9 - Chapter 1 Test Flashcards

0
Q

Physical properties of matter

A

Characteristics of matter that can be observed or measured. Characters that can be observed are called qualitative properties. Character that can be measured are called quantitative properties

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1
Q

Set of properties

A

The set of properties that a particular substance has is unique. No other substance has that same set of properties. Thus, unknown sentences can be identified by the set of properties they have.

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2
Q

Qualitative

A
colour
lustre - shiny vs matte
state - particular temperature 
ductile - can be pulled into wire 
malleable - change shape (hammered)
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3
Q

Quantitative

A
density 
melting/freezing point 
boiling/condensation point 
viscosity - thickness of liquid 
conductivity- how well it conducts electricity
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4
Q

Compounds and atoms

A

Compounds are created when atoms of different elements join to form compound atoms. In a compound, all the compound atoms are alike. (We now call Dalton’s compound atoms molecules.)

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5
Q

Atoms cannot be ______

A

Created or destroyed

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6
Q

Plum pudding model

A

The “plum pudding” model has the atom as a positively charged sphere, with the electrons evenly distributed on the surface

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7
Q

Dalton’s atomic theory

A
  1. all matter is made of atoms which are particles too small to see
  2. each element has its own kind of atom, atoms of the same element have the same size and mass. Atoms of different elements have different sizes and different masses
  3. compounds are created when atoms of different elements join to form compound atoms. in a compound, all the compound atoms are alike. (we now call Dalton’s compound atoms molecules)
  4. Atoms cannot be created or destroyed
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8
Q

What is matter made of?

A

All matter is made of atoms, which are particles too small to see

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9
Q

Rutherford’s model

A

Ernest Rutherford’s gold foil experiment led him to propose a nuclear atom, where there was a heavy nucleus in the center, with the electrons occupying the outer areas of the atom.

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10
Q

Atom size

A

Smallest particle of an element, but are not the smallest particles

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11
Q

Who was a plum pudding model proposed by?

A

J.J. Thompson proposed the “plum pudding” model

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12
Q

Numbers of particles in atoms

A

Protons = atomic number
electrons = atomic number (in a neutral atom)
atomic mass = average mass of an element
mass number = protons = neutron*
neutrons = mass number - atomic number

*If you are not told anything else you could make a reasonable guess at a mass number by taking the atomic mass and rounding it to the nearest whole number

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13
Q

Elements and atoms

A

Each element has its own kind of Atom. Atoms of the same element have the same size and mass. Atoms of different elements have different sizes and masses.

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14
Q

When do chemical changes occur?

A

When starting materials (reactants) are changed into different materials (products.)

The products will have different properties than the reactants.

Chemical changes occur during chemical reactions.

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15
Q

Difference between chemical change and physical change

A

Chemical changes change something on a molecular level whereas physical changes rearrange molecules but don’t affect the internal structure

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16
Q

Define the term “Physical Changes”

A

Physical changes only include changes of state. New materials are not formed. The process is reversible and you can always get back to the original material in the original state.

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17
Q

Give some examples of chemical changes

A

paper ➡️ ash
raw egg ➡️ cooked egg
potassium ➡️ water ➡️ potassium hydroxide & hydrogen

(One-way arrows show the processes are not reversible)

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18
Q

Give some examples of physical changes

A

ice ↔️ water
steam ↔️ water
dry ice ↔️ carbon dioxide gas

(Two way symbols show that processes are reversible)

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19
Q

Does irreversibility (not being able to get back to the original reactants) indicate a chemical change?

A

No, it is not evidence of a chemical change

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20
Q

Define the term “Chemical Changes”

A

New materials are formed and you cannot go back to the original matter in the original states.

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21
Q

Does a change of state indicate that a chemical reaction has occurred

A

No

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22
Q

When do chemical reactions occur?

A

When reactant particles break bonds and rearrange their particles and form new particles.

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23
Q

Evidence chemical reaction

A
  1. Heat or light is produced/absorbed
  2. A colour change occurs
  3. A new material is formed
  4. Some original material is used up
  5. Bubbles appear (new gas forming)
  6. Cloudiness appears (new solid forming)
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24
Why is the nucleus positively charged?
All the protons are in the nucleus
25
Electron/Electron Shell
Negative charge {-1} No mass Occupies most of the volume of an atom
26
Proton
Positive charge {+1} | 1836 mass
27
Nucleus
Is tiny (one ten thousandth the size of the rest of the atom) positively charged has most of the mass of an atom (protons and neutrons) Center of an atom Protons and neutrons not easily removed
28
Atoms
Basic units of matter | Made of particles (neutron,electron,proton)
29
Equal number of protons and electrons =
No charge
30
Neutron
``` Neutral charge {0} 1837 mass (most massive) ```
31
Melting point of water? Freezing point of water? Boiling point of water?
0 degrees Celsius 0 degrees Celsius 100 degrees Celsius
32
Which two subatomic particles exist together in a nucleus?
Protons and neutrons
33
Is the electron shell negative or positive?
Negative
34
Location of: proton, neutron, electron
``` Proton = nucleus Neutron = nucleus Electron = shell outside of nucleus ```
35
Matter
Matter is anything that has mass and volume
36
density
Unit that relates mass and volume
37
Measure mass?
Grams, kilograms, tonnes, micrograms
38
Volume
Volume is "how much space" material takes up
39
Mass
Mass is "how much stuff" there is
40
How to figure out density?
Dividing mass by volume
41
Matter can be divided into what?
Substances and mixtures
42
Measure volume?
``` Cubic metres (dry things and regular objects) Litres (liquids and irregular objects) ```
43
Give some examples of a solution
Tea with lemon, windex, kool aid, coke/Pepsi
44
What are mixtures made of?
Two or more kinds of particles
45
What are compounds?
Compounds are pure substances composed of 2 or more elements
46
How can you tell if something is a mechanical mixture?
In a mechanical mixture, you can see the individual components.
47
Give some examples of suspension
Smoothie, cappuccino, tea with milk
48
How can you tell if something is a solution?
In a solution, particles are dissolved in a liquid
49
True or false. Emotions are matter
False
50
Give some examples of compounds
Water, sugar, table salt, carbon dioxide
51
Matter can be _______ into substances and mixtures
Divided
52
What are elements?
Pure substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances.
53
Give some examples of substances
Water, salt, chlorine, nickel, carbon dioxide
54
Give some examples of elements
Gold, copper, carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen
55
What types of mixtures are there?
Mechanical mixtures, suspensions, or solutions
56
Is wave-light matter?
No
57
What are substances made of?
One kind of matter or one kind of particle. All the particles of a particular type of substance are all the same.
58
How can you tell if something is a suspension?
In a suspension, solid particles are held in a liquid.
59
Substances can be ________ or __________.
Elements or compounds
60
Describe a gas
In a gas, there is a lot of kinetic energy, so there is a lot of movement of the particles. There is a lot of space between particles and a very low density.
61
Describe a liquid
In a liquid, there is a bit more kinetic energy, so there is very little movement of the particles. This means there are very small spaces between particles, resulting in a very high density.
62
Describe a solid
In a solid there is very little kinetic energy, so there is little movement of the particles. This means there are very small spaces between particles, resulting in a very high density.
63
What is the kinetic molecular theory?
This theory explains the behaviour of matter. It suggests that all matter consists of very small particles in constant motion.
64
What are the states of matter?
Solid, Liquid, Gas