Science Flashcards

1
Q

Tornadoes often develop from supercell thunderstorms that exhibit an ”echo” named for its resemblance to this object.

A

hook (echo)

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2
Q

Biological production of this compound by cattle and termites is a major contributor to global warming.

A

Methane

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3
Q

This compound that was first isolated from marsh gas is also the simplest alkane and is the main component of natural gas.

A

Methane

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4
Q

This tissue forms a ring-shaped structure in the neck called the cricoid.

A

Cartilage

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5
Q

Breakdown of this tissue made of chondrocytes affects the bones in osteoarthritis.

A

Cartilage

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6
Q

This quantity is fixed for a reversible, adiabatic process. The Clausius inequality relates this quantity’s change to the heat transferred over the temperature.

A

Entropy

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7
Q

The vampire bat, like all bats, belongs to this taxonomic order of mammals.

A

Chiroptera

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8
Q

When doing this mathematical process ”by exhaustion,” one checks every possible case. This process demonstrates the truth of a theorem.

A

Proof

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9
Q

Used by early mathematicians to find a shape’s area, the method of exhaustion is essentially a version of this calculus operation that also finds area.

A

Integral

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10
Q

When a set is partitioned, the partitions must be exhaustive—meaning they cover the whole set—and have this quality, meaning the intersection of any combination of them is empty.

A

Disjoint

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11
Q

This type of electromagnetic radiation is subdivided into “hard” and “soft” varieties.

A

x-rays

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12
Q

Name this type of radiation that was used to produce a landmark 1895 image of a hand wearing a wedding ring.

A

x-rays

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13
Q

This German physicist discovered X-rays. He is the namesake of element 111 on the periodic table.

A

Wilhelm (Conrad) Röntgen [Element 111 is roentgenium.]

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14
Q

For discovering X-rays, Röntgen was the first-ever recipient of this physics prize. In 1921 Albert Einstein won this prize for his theory of the photoelectric effect.

A

Nobel Prize in Physics

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15
Q

Water that has undergone this process to remove dissolved impurities can be heated beyond its normal boiling point without boiling.

A

distillation

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16
Q

Name this process in which a liquid-containing mixture is separated via boiling and condensation.

A

distillation

17
Q

The proportion of components in this type of mixture cannot be altered by simple distillation, as the vapor has the same composition as the mixture.

A

azeotrope(s) (or azeotropic mixture(s))

18
Q

One example of an azeotrope is this strong acid with formula H2SO4 at a concentration of 98.3%.

A

Sulphuric Acid

19
Q

A chemical reaction involving ammonium hydrosulfide is one proposed reason for this storm’s colour, which is the largest of its kind in the solar system.

A

Great Red Spot

20
Q

This other adjective labels a “great” spot found on Jupiter in 2000, and a “great” spot commonly seen on Neptune.

A

(Great) Dark (Spot)

21
Q

In 2017 this solar-powered NASA spacecraft took close-up images of the Great Red Spot. It is named for a Roman deity.

A

Juno