Science Flashcards
Organelle
a tiny cellular structure that performs specific functions within a cell
Cell membrane
the semipermeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell
cell wall
a rigid layer of polysaccharides lying outside the plasma membrane of the cells of plants, fungi, and bacteria. In the algae and higher plants it consists mainly of cellulose.
Cytoplasm
the material or protoplasm within a living cell, excluding the nucleus.
Nucleus
Latin word for the seed inside a fruit. It most often refers to: Atomic nucleus, the very dense central region of an atom
Mitochondria
an organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur
chloroplast
a plastid that contains chlorophyll and in which photosynthesis takes place.
ER
a network of membranous tubules within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell, continuous with the nuclear membrane
Golgi apparatus
a complex of vesicles and folded membranes within the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells, involved in secretion and intracellular transport.
Lysosome
an organelle in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells containing degradative enzymes enclosed in a membrane.
Vacuole
a space or vesicle within the cytoplasm of a cell, enclosed by a membrane and typically containing fluid.
Ribosomes
a minute particle consisting of RNA and associated proteins found in large numbers in the cytoplasm of living cells. They bind messenger RNA and transfer RNA to synthesize polypeptides and proteins
Photosynthesis
the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water
Chlorophyll
the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water
Cellular respiration
a set of metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to convert biochemical energy from nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and then release waste products.
