Science Flashcards
TEAS prep
cell
basic organizational unit of all living things. every cell has nucleic acid, cytoplasm and cell membrane
membrane
All cells contain a membrane composed of phospholipids. like a semi permeable plastic bag with transport holes
cytoplasm/cytosol
cell is filled with fluid called
organelles
complex molecules that help a cell survive. larger the cell the more organelles required to survuve
All cells contain this to synthesize proteins
DNA / RNA
specialized organelles
mitochondria and choroplasts
tissues
cells group together
organs
tissues grouped together
systems
organs grouped together
organism
complete individual
ribosome
synthesizing proteins from amino acids. make up about 1 quarter of the cell. some are embedded in the endoplasmic reticulum.
golgi complex (apparatus)
synthesizing materials such as proteins that are transported out of the cell. located near the nucleus and consists of layers of membrances
vacuoles
sacs used for storage, digestion, and waste removal. there is one large vacuole in plant cells. animal cells have small sometimes numerous vacuoles
vesicle
small organelle within a cell. performs various functions including moving materials within a cell
cytoskeleton
consists of microtubules that help shape and support the cell
cytosol
liquid material in the cell, mostly water. contains some floating molecules
cell membrane/plasma membrane
plasma membrane- acst as a barrier. determines whats allowed in and out of the cell. made of lipids and proteins
endoplasmic reticulum
rough has ribosomes on it and smooth doesnt. tubular network that makes up the transport system of a cell. it is fused to nuclear membrane and extends through cytoplasm to cell membrane
mitochondria
some cells may have one or many. generates ATP and is involved in cell growth and death. they have their own DNA that is separate from the DNA in the nucleus, numerous in eukaryotic cells.
mitochondria functions
production of cell energy and cell signaling, cell cycle, and growth regulation
cell signaling (mitochondria)
how communications are carried out in a cell
cellular differentiation (mitochondria)
process where cells become more specialized cells with a purpose
cell cycle and growth regulation (mitochondria)
cells get ready to reproduce and reproduces
mitochondria membrane
2 membranes. Inner membrane encloses the matrix whic contains Mitchondrial DNA and ribosomes.
mitochondrial cristae
between inner and outer membranes are folds- this is where chemical reactions occur. release energy, control water levels in cells, recycle and create proteins and fats. aerobic respiration also occurs in mitochondria
centrosomes
animal cell structure- pair of centrioles located at right angles and surrounded by protein. involved in mitosis of the cell
centrioles
animal cell structure- cylinder shaped structures near the nucleus that are involved in cell division. each cylinder consists of 9 groups of 3 microtubules. centrioles occur in pairs
lysosome
animal cell structure-digests proteins, lipids and carbs, also trnsports undigested substances to cell membrance so they can be removed. their shape depends on whats being moved.
cilia
animal cell structure-causes cell to move. can also result in fluid beuing moved by the cell
flagella
animal cell structure-tail like structures that use whip like movements to help cell move
nucleus
contains chromosomes and regulates DNA of a cell. nucleus is the defining structure of eukaryotic cells- they all have a nucleus. nucleus is responsible for passing on genetic traits. contains- nuclear envelope, nucleoplasm, nucleolus, nuclear pores, chromatin, and ribosomes
chromosomes
highly condensed threadlike rods of DNA . DNA stores info about the plant or animal
Chromatin
consists of the DNA and protein that make up chromosomes
Nucleolus
structure contained within the nucleus consists of protein. small round and doesnt have a membrane. involved with protein synthesis and synthesizes and stores RNA
nuclear envelope
this encloses the structures of the nucleus.consists of inner and outer membranes made of lipids
nuclear spores
involved in the exchange of material between nucleus and cytoplasm