SCIENCE 7B LESSON 1 Flashcards
- Energy
IS THE ABILITY TO CAUSE A CHANGE IN A SYSTEM.
- energy transformation
CHANGE OF ONE TYPE OF ENERGY INTO ANOTHER FORM(S) OF ENERGY
- Force
A PUSH OR A PULL ON AN OBJECT THAT CAUSES THE OBJECT TO START MOVING, STOP MOVING, OR CHANGE DIRECTION.
- Work-
IS THE TRANSFER OF ENERGY TO AN OBJECT, CAUSED BY A FORCE TO MOVE AN OBJECT IN THE DIRECTION OF THAT FORCE.
- Gravity-
the force that attracts all objects in the universe to one another.
- Pressure
amount of force exerted on a given area.
- Turgor Pressure
is caused by the pressure in the plant cell due to the force of water inside the cell pushing on the cell membrane and in turn pushing on the cell wall
Kinetic Energy
The energy of motion in an object or organism
Potential Energy –
is the energy that an object or organism has due to its position, condition, or chemical composition
Chemical Energy
energy stored within the bonds of a molecule.
Electrical Energy
energy that results from the position or motion of charged particles.
Sound Energy
is another form of kinetic energy, the vibration of particles generates sound energy.
Thermal Energy
is the total amount of kinetic energy of all the molecules in an organism.
- ecosystem
Is a community of living organisms and their nonliving environment
- habitat
is the place where an organism lives within an ecosystem
For example: a snail’s habitat could be a stream in the forest
- producer
a producer are called an autotroph, uses energy to make food. Most producers use sunlight to produce food (photosynthesis)
- decomposer
an organism that gets energy and nutrients by breaking down the remains of other organisms.
For example, fungi such as mushrooms, and some bacteria
- consumer
is an organism that eats other organisms
- herbivore
a consumer that eats only plants
For Example, bison, grasshoppers
- carnivore
Eats other animals
For Example badger or wolf
- omnivore
eats both plants and animals
For Example Humans
scavenger
is a specialized consumer who feeds on dead organisms
For example Vultures.
- food chain
is the path of energy transfer from producers to consumers.
- food web
shows the feeding relationships among many different organism in and ecosystem
- energy
energy is the ability to do work and enables organisms to use matter in life processes.
energy moves from one organism when eaten by another.
- matter
is anything that has mass and takes up space
- law of conservation of energy
states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, it can only change forms
- law of conservation of mass
mass cannot be created or destroyed. instead, matter moves through he environment in different forms.
- energy pyramid
is a tool that can be used to trace the flow of energy through an ecosystem. at the bottom of the pyramid, these have the most energy and organisms. Each additional level has less energy and less organisms supported.
- water cycle
the movement of water between the oceans, atmosphere, land, and living things.
evaporation
the sun’s heat causes water vapor to change from liquid to vapor
Transpiration
This is when water vapor is released from the leaves of plants.
condensation
the water vapor cools and returns to liquid (i.e. this fall from the ski to land as precipitation)
runoff
the precipitation that falls on land and flows into streams and rivers is called runoff
ground water
some precipitation seeps into the ground and is stored underground in spaces or with rocks, this is called groundwater.
- nitrogen cycle
the movement of nitrogen between the environment and living things is called the nitrogen cycle.
nitrogen fixation
bacteria in the soil are able to change nitrogen gas into forms that plants can use.
Lightning can also fix nitrogen into usable compounds.
- carbon cycle
Carbon is the building block of most organisms. It is found in the atmosphere as carbon dioxide gas.
- biome
a region of Earth where the climate determines the types of plants that live there
climate
is the main abiotic factor that characterizes a biome.
But other abiotic factors are:
soil type, amount of sunlight and amount of available water.
adaptations
organisms have the ability to adapt and survive and reproduce
- tundra
has a low average temperature and very little precipitation.
The ground contains permafrost, a thick layer of permanently frozen soil beneath the surface.
- taiga
this is called a boreal forest,
has low temperatures but more precipitation
- coniferous tree
live in boreal forests (Taiga)
Examples: evergreens, needlelike leavers
- desert
very dry, with less than 8 cm of water per year.
soil is rocky or sandy
hot during the day and cooler at night.
Cactus is an example of a plant that lives in the desert.
Animals that are only active at night are able to survive the desert, or if the burrow in the ground as this gives them shade.
- Tropical grassland
a biome that has grasses and few trees. African savannahs
there is a wet and a dry season
Temperate Grassland
American prairie, moderate precipitation, hot summers, and cold winters.
Rich soil.
- deciduous tree
Trees that drop their leaves in the winter.
Tropical Rainforest
Located near the equator. warm all year long. Receives a lot of rain.
soil is acidic and low in nutrients.
Layers: Forest floor, Understory, canopy, emergent layer
- eutrophication
the process in which organic matter and nutrients slowly build up in a lake or pond ecosystem. becomes a meadow.
- disturbance
an event that changes an ecosystem.
Examples: floods, wildfires, severe storms, tsunamis
floods
a natural disturbance, heavy rains, when streams or rivers rise there can be floods. can move food downriver and can also wash away vegetation and soil.
wildfires
natural events or human activity are the causes.
burns plants and kills animals, if the animals do survive they may lose their habitat.
- primary succession
slow development or replacement of an ecological community by another ecological community
example ecosystems can develop from bare rock.
secondary succession
slow development or replacement of an ecological community by another ecological community
example ecosystems can develop from a farmland that is no longer being used.
- pioneer species
the first organisms to live in an uninhabited area.
for example, lichens grow on rocks and help form soil in which plants can then grow
- biodiversity
the number and variety of species that are present in an area.
diversity makes things more stable and less likely to be destroyed by sudden changes.
