SCIENCE 7B LESSON 1

Question 1

• Energy

Answer 1

IS THE ABILITY TO CAUSE A CHANGE IN A SYSTEM.

Question 2

• energy transformation

Answer 2

CHANGE OF ONE TYPE OF ENERGY INTO ANOTHER FORM(S) OF ENERGY

Question 3

• Force

Answer 3

A PUSH OR A PULL ON AN OBJECT THAT CAUSES THE OBJECT TO START MOVING, STOP MOVING, OR CHANGE DIRECTION.

Question 4

• Work-

Answer 4

IS THE TRANSFER OF ENERGY TO AN OBJECT, CAUSED BY A FORCE TO MOVE AN OBJECT IN THE DIRECTION OF THAT FORCE.

Question 5

• Gravity-

Answer 5

the force that attracts all objects in the universe to one another.

Question 6

• Pressure

Answer 6

amount of force exerted on a given area.

Question 7

• Turgor Pressure

Answer 7

is caused by the pressure in the plant cell due to the force of water inside the cell pushing on the cell membrane and in turn pushing on the cell wall

Question 8

Kinetic Energy

Answer 8

The energy of motion in an object or organism

Question 9

Potential Energy –

Answer 9

is the energy that an object or organism has due to its position, condition, or chemical composition

Question 10

Chemical Energy

Answer 10

energy stored within the bonds of a molecule.

Question 11

Electrical Energy

Answer 11

energy that results from the position or motion of charged particles.

Question 12

Sound Energy

Answer 12

is another form of kinetic energy, the vibration of particles generates sound energy.

Question 13

Thermal Energy

Answer 13

is the total amount of kinetic energy of all the molecules in an organism.

Question 14

• ecosystem

Answer 14

Is a community of living organisms and their nonliving environment

Question 15

• habitat

Answer 15

is the place where an organism lives within an ecosystem

For example: a snail’s habitat could be a stream in the forest

Question 16

• producer

Answer 16

a producer are called an autotroph, uses energy to make food. Most producers use sunlight to produce food (photosynthesis)

Question 17

• decomposer

Answer 17

an organism that gets energy and nutrients by breaking down the remains of other organisms.

For example, fungi such as mushrooms, and some bacteria

Question 18

• consumer

Answer 18

is an organism that eats other organisms

Question 19

• herbivore

Answer 19

a consumer that eats only plants
For Example, bison, grasshoppers

Question 20

• carnivore

Answer 20

Eats other animals
For Example badger or wolf

Question 21

• omnivore

Answer 21

eats both plants and animals
For Example Humans

Question 22

scavenger

Answer 22

is a specialized consumer who feeds on dead organisms
For example Vultures.

Question 23

• food chain

Answer 23

is the path of energy transfer from producers to consumers.

Question 24

• food web

Answer 24

shows the feeding relationships among many different organism in and ecosystem

Question 25

• energy

Answer 25

energy is the ability to do work and enables organisms to use matter in life processes.

energy moves from one organism when eaten by another.

Question 26

• matter

Answer 26

is anything that has mass and takes up space

Question 27

• law of conservation of energy

Answer 27

states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, it can only change forms

Question 28

• law of conservation of mass

Answer 28

mass cannot be created or destroyed. instead, matter moves through he environment in different forms.

Question 29

• energy pyramid

Answer 29

is a tool that can be used to trace the flow of energy through an ecosystem. at the bottom of the pyramid, these have the most energy and organisms. Each additional level has less energy and less organisms supported.

Question 30

• water cycle

Answer 30

the movement of water between the oceans, atmosphere, land, and living things.

Question 31

evaporation

Answer 31

the sun’s heat causes water vapor to change from liquid to vapor

Question 32

Transpiration

Answer 32

This is when water vapor is released from the leaves of plants.

Question 34

condensation

Answer 34

the water vapor cools and returns to liquid (i.e. this fall from the ski to land as precipitation)

Question 35

runoff

Answer 35

the precipitation that falls on land and flows into streams and rivers is called runoff

Question 36

ground water

Answer 36

some precipitation seeps into the ground and is stored underground in spaces or with rocks, this is called groundwater.

Question 37

• nitrogen cycle

Answer 37

the movement of nitrogen between the environment and living things is called the nitrogen cycle.

Question 38

nitrogen fixation

Answer 38

bacteria in the soil are able to change nitrogen gas into forms that plants can use.
Lightning can also fix nitrogen into usable compounds.

Question 39

• carbon cycle

Answer 39

Carbon is the building block of most organisms. It is found in the atmosphere as carbon dioxide gas.

Question 40

• biome

Answer 40

a region of Earth where the climate determines the types of plants that live there

Question 41

climate

Answer 41

is the main abiotic factor that characterizes a biome.

But other abiotic factors are:
soil type, amount of sunlight and amount of available water.

Question 42

adaptations

Answer 42

organisms have the ability to adapt and survive and reproduce

Question 43

• tundra

Answer 43

has a low average temperature and very little precipitation.
The ground contains permafrost, a thick layer of permanently frozen soil beneath the surface.

Question 44

• taiga

Answer 44

this is called a boreal forest,
has low temperatures but more precipitation

Question 45

• coniferous tree

Answer 45

live in boreal forests (Taiga)
Examples: evergreens, needlelike leavers

Question 46

• desert

Answer 46

very dry, with less than 8 cm of water per year.
soil is rocky or sandy
hot during the day and cooler at night.
Cactus is an example of a plant that lives in the desert.
Animals that are only active at night are able to survive the desert, or if the burrow in the ground as this gives them shade.

Question 47

• Tropical grassland

Answer 47

a biome that has grasses and few trees. African savannahs

there is a wet and a dry season

Question 48

Temperate Grassland

Answer 48

American prairie, moderate precipitation, hot summers, and cold winters.

Rich soil.

Question 49

• deciduous tree

Answer 49

Trees that drop their leaves in the winter.

Question 50

Tropical Rainforest

Answer 50

Located near the equator. warm all year long. Receives a lot of rain.
soil is acidic and low in nutrients.
Layers: Forest floor, Understory, canopy, emergent layer

Question 51

• eutrophication

Answer 51

the process in which organic matter and nutrients slowly build up in a lake or pond ecosystem. becomes a meadow.

Question 52

• disturbance

Answer 52

an event that changes an ecosystem.
Examples: floods, wildfires, severe storms, tsunamis

Question 53

floods

Answer 53

a natural disturbance, heavy rains, when streams or rivers rise there can be floods. can move food downriver and can also wash away vegetation and soil.

Question 54

wildfires

Answer 54

natural events or human activity are the causes.
burns plants and kills animals, if the animals do survive they may lose their habitat.

Question 55

• primary succession

Answer 55

slow development or replacement of an ecological community by another ecological community

example ecosystems can develop from bare rock.

Question 56

secondary succession

Answer 56

slow development or replacement of an ecological community by another ecological community

example ecosystems can develop from a farmland that is no longer being used.

Question 57

• pioneer species

Answer 57

the first organisms to live in an uninhabited area.
for example, lichens grow on rocks and help form soil in which plants can then grow

Question 58

• biodiversity

Answer 58

the number and variety of species that are present in an area.

diversity makes things more stable and less likely to be destroyed by sudden changes.