Science 7 mastery Flashcards
What is the function of the eyepiece in a microscope?
To magnify the image of the specimen.
Which part of the microscope controls the amount of light that reaches the specimen?
The diaphragm.
True or False: The coarse adjustment knob is used for precise focusing.
False.
What is the purpose of the objective lenses?
To provide different levels of magnification.
Fill in the blank: The __________ is the part of the microscope that supports the slide.
stage.
What is mitosis?
The process of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells.
List the phases of mitosis in order.
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase.
What is the main purpose of meiosis?
To produce gametes with half the number of chromosomes.
True or False: Meiosis results in four genetically identical cells.
False.
What is the outcome of meiosis in terms of chromosome number?
It reduces the chromosome number by half.
What type of reproduction involves two parents?
Sexual reproduction.
Fill in the blank: Asexual reproduction produces offspring that are __________ to the parent.
genetically identical.
Which type of reproduction allows for greater genetic diversity?
Sexual reproduction.
What is binary fission?
A form of asexual reproduction in which a single organism divides into two parts.
True or False: Budding is a form of sexual reproduction.
False.
Which reproductive process involves the fusion of gametes?
Fertilization.
What is crossing over?
The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis.
What are homologous chromosomes?
Chromosomes that are similar in shape, size, and genetic content.
Fill in the blank: In asexual reproduction, the offspring are produced from a __________ parent.
single.
What is the role of spindle fibers during mitosis?
To separate the chromosomes during cell division.
Name one advantage of asexual reproduction.
It allows for rapid population growth.
What occurs during prophase of mitosis?
Chromosomes condense, and the nuclear envelope breaks down.
What is the function of the cell membrane during cell division?
To ensure that the contents of the cell remain intact during division.
True or False: The end result of meiosis is two haploid cells.
False.
What is the term for the initial cell that undergoes meiosis?
Germ cell.
Fill in the blank: A __________ is a reproductive cell that can unite with another to form a new organism.
gamete.
What is the significance of telophase in mitosis?
It marks the end of cell division and the reformation of the nuclear envelope.
What happens during anaphase?
Sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell.
What is the primary purpose of sexual reproduction?
To increase genetic variation in a population.
True or False: Mitosis occurs in somatic cells.
True.
What is a zygote?
The fertilized egg that results from the fusion of two gametes.
What is the difference between haploid and diploid cells?
Haploid cells have one set of chromosomes, while diploid cells have two sets.
Fill in the blank: During __________, homologous chromosomes align at the cell’s equator.
metaphase I.
What is sexual selection?
A natural selection process where certain traits increase mating success.
What is the role of the centriole during cell division?
To organize the spindle fibers.
True or False: Asexual reproduction can occur in multicellular organisms.
True.
What is regeneration in terms of asexual reproduction?
The ability of an organism to regrow lost body parts.
What are gametes?
Reproductive cells (sperm and eggs) that unite during fertilization.
Fill in the blank: The __________ is a structure that holds together sister chromatids.
centromere.
What is the main difference between mitosis and meiosis?
Mitosis produces two identical cells, while meiosis produces four genetically diverse cells.
True or False: Asexual reproduction requires the exchange of genetic material.
False.
What is a clone?
An organism that is genetically identical to its parent.
Fill in the blank: The __________ phase is when the cell prepares for division by replicating its DNA.
S phase.
What is independent assortment?
The random distribution of maternal and paternal chromosomes during meiosis.
What is the role of cytokinesis?
To divide the cytoplasm and organelles between the two daughter cells.
What type of organism primarily reproduces asexually?
Bacteria.
Fill in the blank: In sexual reproduction, offspring inherit traits from __________ parents.
two.
What is the primary advantage of sexual reproduction?
Increased genetic variation.
What is the end result of mitosis in terms of cell number?
Two identical daughter cells.
True or False: Mitosis includes two rounds of cell division.
False.
