science Flashcards
cell
in biology, the smallest unit that can perform all life processes; cells are covered by a membrane and have DNA and cytoplasm.
nucleus
the organelle that contains the cell’s DNA and is the control center of the cell.
Cytoplasm
the material or protoplasm within a living cell, excluding the nucleus.
Cell membrane
a phospholipid layer that covers a cell’s surface; acts as a barrier between the inside of a cell and the cell’s environment.
Cell wall
a rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to the cell.
Mitochondria
the organelle that breaks down food molecules to make ATP.
Chloroplast
the organelle that uses the energy of sunlight to make food.
Golgi complex
the organelle that processes and transports proteins and other materials out of the cell.
Endoplasmic reticulum
the organelle that makes lipids, breaks down drugs and other substances, and packages proteins for the Golgi complex.
Ribosome
the organelle in which amino acids are hooked together to make proteins.
Lysosome
a cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes .
Vacuole
the organelle that stores water and other materials.
