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Exam Study Guides > Science > Flashcards

Science Flashcards

1
Q

The study of the processes and structure of the earth is termed

A

Geology

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2
Q

The upper most part of the mantle and is made up of all the crust rigid or solid

A

Lithosphere

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3
Q

What is the thinnest layer of the earth

A

Crust

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4
Q

What part of the earth’s structure is most likely responsible for the earth’s strong magnetic field

A

Core

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5
Q

A zone in the mantle where earthquake waves do not increase with depths as fast as they do in the rest of the mantle

A

Asthenosphere

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6
Q

The boundary in between the mantle and the crust

A

The Moho Discontinuoty

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7
Q

It is believed that the earth’s core is made mostly of what material

A

Iron

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8
Q

“The present is the key to the past.” Means that to understand what happened in the past, look and see what’s happening today.

A

The key principle of uniformitarianism

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9
Q

The mantle occupies what percent of the earth’s volume

A

84%

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10
Q

The region that is part molten rock and 3/4 of the earth

A

Mantle

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11
Q

Which part of the earth can be directly observed

A

Crust

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12
Q

Creationists date their belief on the age of the earth by what?

A

Scriptures

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13
Q

4-5 Billion years old is how old _________ believe the earth is

A

Evolutionists

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14
Q

What is the plate Techtonic theory?

A

That all the techtonic plates of the earth moved to shape the earth

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15
Q

What is the criteria that must be met for a substance to be qualified as a mineral?

A

Must Be:
Inorganic
Naturally Occurring
Define Chemical Compostion

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16
Q

What is the mineral that shows cleavage of thin sheets

A

Mica

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17
Q

What are substances made of the same atoms

A

Elements

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18
Q

What is the best metallic conductor of electricity?
A. Copper
B. Silver
C. Iron

A

B. Silver

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19
Q

What is the most abundant common mineral in the earth’s crust?

A

Silicates or Felspar

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20
Q

Do all minerals have two or more elements

A

No

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21
Q

Most matter, 2 or more elements or compounds combined physically in a fixed ratio

A

Mixture

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22
Q

What does it mean if a mineral is rated “1” on Moh’s hardness scale?

A

It’s soft

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23
Q

What is the difference between metamorphic, igneous, and sedimentary rocks

A

Sedimentary rocks are laid down by water
Igneous Rocks are laid down by the cooling of lava
Metamorphic Rocks begin as sedimentary or igneous Rocks but change under heat and pressure

24
Q

How old do creationists believe the earth is?

A

6,500 years

25
Q

Give two examples of a mixture

A

Blood 💉

Cookies 🍪

26
Q

Which mineral is yellow yet streaks black?

A

Fools Gold

27
Q

True or False

Do minerals have a definite chemical composition

A

True

28
Q

Give the ratios

FeS
H20
Sio2

A

1: 1
2: 1
1: 2

29
Q

2 or more elements combined chemically with a fixed ratio

A

Compound

30
Q

Which mineral is the hardest and can scratch all others. What is it rated?

A

Diamond 10

31
Q

Is the color a definitive way to know what the mineral is? Why or Why not?

A

No. There are different colors of minerals or two different types of minerals that are the same color

32
Q

What’s the basic difference between minerals and rocks?

A

Minerals are inorganic

Rocks can be organic

33
Q

True or False

Minerals don’t have a definite chemical composition

A

False

34
Q

Will the streak of a mineral always be the same as the color?

A

No

35
Q

True or False

Specific Minerals have only one color

A

False

36
Q

True or False
If false state the answer

Pumice is the igneous rock that floats in water because bubbles are caught in it.

A

True

37
Q

True or False

Mineral water is responsible for laying down most of the sedimentary rock.

A

False

38
Q

Which metamorphic rock forms from limestone?

A

Marble

39
Q

What’s the most common intrusive igneous rock that is coarse-grained?

A

Granite

40
Q

What are some ways you can identify a mineral

A
  1. Luster
  2. Streak
  3. Cleavage
41
Q

Silicates contain what 2 elements

A

Silicon and oxygen

42
Q

What is a good material for plumbing pipes because it’s resistant to corrosion?

A

Copper

43
Q

Sandstone, Shale, and Limestone are what kind of rocks?

A

Sedimentary

44
Q

Which fossils give the most detail about the original creature?

A

Creatures trapped in ice or amber

45
Q

In what type of rocks would you find fossils?

A

Sedimentary

46
Q

What must be present for petrification to occur?

A. Water
B. Mineral Water
C. Fresh Water

A

B. Mineral Water

47
Q

What is an organic rock that forms from the remains of plant materials?

A

Coal

48
Q

The coarsest grade of clastic sedimentary rock is

A

Conglomerates

49
Q

What Creatures make up 95% of the fossil record
A. Plants
B. Birds
C. Marine

A

C. Marine

50
Q

Shale metamorphoses into which rock?

A

Slate

51
Q

What is an igneous rock that is black, sharp, and glass like

A

Obsidian

52
Q

What is the difference between permeability and porosity?

A

Porosity are the open spaces between particles

Permeability is when liquids can pass through easily

53
Q

Of the 3 major types of rocks, identify the following:
Laid down by water
Forms when lava cools
Forms when rocks change by heat and pressure

A

Sedimentary
Igneous
Metamorphic

54
Q

What is the Highest mountain in the world?

A

Mt. Everest

55
Q

Are most fossils we find today extinct?

A

No

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