Science

Question 1

Section A: Understanding of Content

Answer 1

These will usually contain definitions you need to understand.

Question 2

Gravity

Answer 2

The downward force that pulls objects towards it. The gravity factor of an object is determined by its mass.

Question 3

Earth’s axis, tilt and orbit.

Answer 3

One rotation of Earth on its rotational axis equals one day. The tilt of the Earth’s rotational axis causes the seasons. One orbit around the Sun equals one year.

Question 4

Eclipses

Answer 4

A Solar eclipse is when the moon blocks the Sun’s light from reaching Earth. From this we experience darkness for a few minutes, even though it is day time. A Lunar eclipse is when the Earth blocks the Sun’s light from the Moon. From this we experience no moon, even though it is at its full moon phase.

Question 5

Renewable and non-renewable resources

Answer 5

Renewable resources are those that can renew itself. For example, the wind is a renewable resource because no matter how much we keep using, there will always be a supply of wind. Non-renewable resources are those that cannot renew itself. Resources are also classified non-renewable if the resource is used faster than it can renew itself. For example, coal. While it does renew itself, it takes ages for it to do so, so we use coal faster than it can produce itself. In short, renewable resources are infinite, while non-renewable resources are finite.

Question 6

Precipitation

Answer 6

Precipitation is when you mix two substances together, and in the mixture, a solid is formed! This is because when the two substances mix, there is a new chemical made that doesn’t dissolve in the mixture. As a result, a solid is formed. This solid is called the precipitate.

Question 7

Transpiration

Answer 7

This is the process in which leaves lose their water through vapour. This is so they can cool down, access nutrients and allow carbon-dioxide to enter.

Question 8

Distillation

Answer 8

Distillation is the process of separating the substances in a mixture based on their different boiling points. You place the mixture in a container and you boil it. If you have a solution, the solvent will eventually evaporate and go into something called a condenser, where it turns into a liquid again. It goes through the tube and comes out into another container. The solute is left in the original container. You can also separate colloids by having two containers at the other end of the condenser, and using different boiling points, you move the condenser into a different container depending on how hot the mixture is, and the substances boiling points.

Question 9

Evaporation

Answer 9

Evaporation is the process of separating a solution by evaporating the solvent. It goes into the air, leaving the solute behind.

Question 10

Satellites, Space Probes and Sextants

Answer 10

Satellite: Something that orbits a celestial body. Example, the moon.

Space Probe: Something that is used to gather information about space. Example, Luna 2 (studies the moon)

Sextant: Something used to measure the angle between any two objects in the sky.

Question 11

Transportation and distribution of electricity.

Answer 11

Electricity is produced from the generators. They are sent to a substation on TRANSMISSION LINES. There the substation will multiply the electricity and send it to homes, etc. on DISTRIBUTION LINES.

Question 12

Forces

Answer 12

Different forces include:

Gravity: The force that attracts matter; the more mass something has the stronger the gravity. Earth has a very strong gravity.

Buoyancy: The upwards force that keeps some things afloat on a liquid. This is due to the surface tension and the difference in density. A boat floats on water because it has plenty of air inside and is therefore less dense.

Question 13

The difference between weight and mass.

Answer 13

Mass: The amount of matter you have. This is recorded in kg. This stays the same wherever you are in the universe.

Weight: How much gravity affects you. This is recorded in N. This changes depending on where you are in the universe.

Question 14

Section B: Processing and Analysing Information

Answer 14

This section requires you to know the following to answer these questions.

Question 15

Earth’s cycle of rotation and revolution

Answer 15

A rotation of Earth on its rotational axis causes one day. It takes around 24 hours to do so. A revolution of Earth around the sun causes one year. It takes around 365 days to do so.

Question 16

Gravity

Answer 16

Gravity is the force that attracts matter. The more matter something has, the stronger the force of gravity it has. The more matter something has, the more effected by gravity they are, too. So Jupiter has a strong gravity force, but is also affected by gravity from the Sun, which has a stronger force. Two objects with gravity would cause a tug of war. The stronger force would always win. This is why the moon orbits Earth, instead of the other way around.

Question 17

Friction

Answer 17

Friction is the force that resists an object from moving. If you tried to skate along a carpet, you wouldn’t move very fast. This is because there is lots of friction. Ice, however, has a very low friction. This is why skating on ice is a lot more fun, because less friction means you can go faster.

Question 18

Tides

Answer 18

The tides of the Earth are mainly affected by the moon, but the Sun also affects it a little. There will be two high tides and two low tides in a day. Because it doesn’t fit into a day exactly, the tides won’t happen at exactly the same time everyday. When the oceans face the moon, the moon’s gravity will cause the ocean levels to rise, causing the high tide. When the oceans aren’t facing the moon, the ocean levels will drop, causing the low tide.

Question 19

Section C: Lab Report

Answer 19

This section requires you to make a lab report. The experiment done will be given to you. You may be required to make up the results, but the numbers don’t matter, just the observations you make with them.

Question 20

Structure

Answer 20

You must write up your lab report with a certain structure. The next few cards will talk about the structure you need to write up your lab report.

Question 21

Title

Answer 21

Your lab report must contain a title. You can make up the title with the name of the expertiment done.

Question 22

Aim

Answer 22

Your lab report must contain an aim. This aim is what the experiment was intended to do. If you are dissolving sugar in water at different temperatures, you can say the aim is to find out what temperature of water is best for dissolving sugar.

Question 23

Hypothesis

Answer 23

This is the prediction in your science lab report. Here you must list what you think might happen. Of course, the results are there and you might have even had to write the results down yourself, but what did you think would happen before you “did” the experiment? This is what you write down.

Question 24

Equipment/Materials

Answer 24

This is what was needed to conduct the experiment. Some things you might have needed were Bunsen Burners, Beakers, Water or Test Tubes. Depending on what experiment was done, you need to write down everything that was needed in the experiment.

Question 25

Safety Assessment

Answer 25

This is where you put down the risks. If you are boiling water, you might need to include that “hot water can cause burns, so avoid spillage,” or something like that. If there are no major risks, you can still write down that the experiment should be taken with caution.

Question 26

Method

Answer 26

This is where you write down how to conduct the experiment. While this is the most important part of the lab report (of course, you can’t conduct the experiment without knowing how to), your discussion and conclusion (in later cards) will earn you the most marks, because it shows that you understand what the experiment is about. Write in clear steps and make sure they are numbered.

Question 27

Results

Answer 27

There are many ways to display your results. In this exam, you must give at least 1 form. The different forms of results are: table, graph, diagram, or even a statement, saying what happened. The first three must include a heading, which goes underneath (except for the table, which goes on top.).

Question 28

Discussion

Answer 28

This is where you answer any questions given to you, concerning the experiment. You may also give a reflection of the experiment (even though you didn’t do it yourself). Make sure that you avoid using personal pronouns like I, me, he, etc., or any names. Include your hypothesis and state whether it was correct or not and why.

Question 29

Conclusion

Answer 29

Give a really quick summary, around a paragraph long, about the experiment. Do no just put “The hypothesis was proven correct and the experiment was conducted successfully.” Give a more detailed explanation of what happened and what could be done next time to make it a “fairer” test.

Question 30

Best of luck for your Science Exam.

Answer 30

(This is the end of the deck)