Science: 5005 Flashcards
Galileo Galilei
Improved the telescope and used it to prove Copernicus’ heliocentric theory.
Radiation Therapy
A technique in which high-energy electromagnetic radiation is used to kill cancer cells in the body.
Dmitri Mendeleev
A chemist (1834-1907) who published the first periodic table with elements arranged by mass
MRI
A medical technique that uses a strong magnetic field to investigate the human body.
X-Rays
High frequency, high energy electromagnetic radiation that reveal bones and other tissues with different densities inside the surrounding flesh.
Gregor Mendel
A biologist credited as the father of modern genetics. He worked with pea plants and observed consistent ratios in specific crosses, leading to his terming of dominant and recessive genes.
Scientific Method
a series of deliberate steps by which scientists observe, hypothesize, test, analyze data, and communicate results
Scientific Knowledge
scientific fact discovered using the scientific method
Heliocentricity
The accepted astronomical model that the sun is at the center of our solar system. The theory was put forth by Copernicus in 1543 and expanded upon by Galileo in 1632.
Photon
a particle of light energy
Control Group
a group of specimens in an experiment to which no change is made; does not receive the experimental treatment
ex: In an experiment investigating the effect of talk therapy on alleviating depression, the group receiving only the medicine would be the control group.
Risk Assessment
the process by which scientists analyze potential risks and benefits before conducting scientific investigations and experiments
Charles Darwin
an English naturalist who developed the idea of natural selection and theory of evolution; these ideas were published in the book On the Origin of Species
Weight
The amount of force of gravity on an object, measured in newtons (N) or pounds (lb) on a scale.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
a standardized information sheet for a substance; includes information about health risks, safe disposal and cleanup of spills, and environmental risks
Scientific Law
a proven explanation for a phenomenon
ex: Newton’s Laws of Motion
Organization
students store new information and relate it to what they already know and understand about the world
ex: Students organize their data and analysis into a class presentation that makes sense of their learning.
Control Group
a group of specimens in an experiment to which no change is made; does not receive the experimental treatment
ex: In an experiment investigating the effect of talk therapy on alleviating depression, the group receiving only the medicine would be the control group.
Data
measurements and observations recorded during an experiment
Hypothesis
an informed prediction (made based on previous observations) for a phenomena. Should be testable.
ex: If we give plants more fertilizer, they will grow taller.
Scale
a tool used to measure weight
Waft
Wave the air toward the face. The safe way to smell a test tube.
Renewable Resources
resources which replenish at the same (or faster) rate than the rate at which they are used
ex: wind energy, solar energy, hydroelectric power
Observation
information gathered using the five senses
ex: smell, color
