Science 4th & 5th grade SOL

Question 1

Cover the right column with a piece of paper or your hand. Answer the question and check your answer. Each time you answer correctly, put a check in the little box. By test time, you’ll want a check in each of the boxes.

Answer 1

Cover these answers!

Question 2

1. If you are given a picture and asked to make an OBSERVATION, you must choose the answer that includes only:

Answer 2

things that you can actually see with your own eyes

Question 3

2. Which is NOT an observation I could make while looking up at the sky? “The sky is blue.” “A big, dark cloud is moving in” “Soon it’s going to rain.”

Answer 3

“Soon it’s going to rain” is not an observation. It is a prediction.

Question 4

3. The mass of an object is:

Answer 4

the amount of matter in an object - - how heavy it is.

Question 5

4. Given a 2-liter bottle of Coke, 2 liters is a measure of:

Answer 5

the volume of Coke - or how much space it takes up.

Question 6

5. The capacity of a container is how much it can hold. The capacity our large Coke bottle, even if it is empty, is:

Answer 6

2 liters

Question 7

6. The capacity of an eyedropper would be a few:

Answer 7

milliliters

Question 8

7. A milliliter of liquid is:

Answer 8

a few drops

Question 9

8. The volume of liquid in a graduated cylinder might be 50:

Answer 9

ml or 50 milliliters

Question 10

9. The volume of liquid in a beaker might be 300:

Answer 10

ml or 300 milliliters

Question 11

10. One thousand milliliters equals:

Answer 11

1 liter

Question 12

10a. A liter is close in volume to a:

Answer 12

quart

Question 13

11.An instrument used to measure mass is a:

Answer 13

balance

Question 14

12. The mass of a paperclip or a sheet of paper is about:

Answer 14

1 gram or 1g

Question 15

13. The mass of a book could be about:

Answer 15

1 kilogram or 1kg

Question 16

14. 1000 grams equal:

Answer 16

1 kilogram

Question 17

15. Length and distance are measured in these metric units:

Answer 17

millimeters (mm) 10mm=1cm centimeters (cm) 100cm=1m meters (m) 1000m=1km kilometers (km)

Question 18

15a. Volume of a liquid or capacity of a container is measured in these metric units:

Answer 18

milliliters (mL) liters (L) 1000mL=1L

Question 19

15b. Mass is measured in these metric units:

Answer 19

grams (g) 1000g=1kg kilograms (kg)

Question 20

16. A centimeter is about as long as your:

Answer 20

fingernail

Question 21

17. The length of each of these dashes - - - is about:

Answer 21

1 or 2 millimeters (mm)

Question 22

18. If your fingernail is one centimeter long, how long is it in millimeters?

Answer 22

10 (10mm = 1cm)

Question 23

19. The distance from your waist to the floor could be about:

Answer 23

1 meter or 1m

Question 24

20. One-hundred centimeters equals:

Answer 24

1 meter

Question 25

21. The distance from Terraset to the nearest 7-Eleven is about:

Answer 25

1 kilometer or 1km

Question 26

22. One thousand meters equals:

Answer 26

1 kilometer or 1km

Question 27

23. In an experiment to measure the how different types of soil affect tulip growth, you fill five identical pots with different types of soil and place a tulip bulb in each. The variable in the experiment is the:

Answer 27

soil

Question 28

24. The pots, tulip bulbs, water and amount of sunlight are should be the same for all of the pots. These are the:

Answer 28

constants

Question 29

25. For accuracy, you perform the experiment many times. In the first three trials, the tulip in sandy soil grows only 10cm tall before dying. The 4th trial, the tulip grows 15cm tall and flowers. Which result is unusual?

Answer 29

The 4th trial (15cm) because it is different from the others.

Question 30

26. Objects in motion have ______ energy.

Answer 30

kinetic

Question 31

27. Potential energy is ________ energy.

Answer 31

stored

Question 32

28. Due to the pull of gravity, the higher an object is off the ground, the more ____________ it has.

Answer 32

potential energy

Question 33

29. When I hold a ball in the air, it has potential energy. When I let go, the ball starts to fall. Potential energy changes to:

Answer 33

kinetic energy

Question 34

30. There are many forms of energy. Energy caused by the movement of electrons is:

Answer 34

electrical energy

Question 35

31. Energy stored in food, batteries and fossil fuels like coal and gasoline is:

Answer 35

chemical energy

Question 36

32. Energy in moving or spinning objects like gears, car wheels, or joggers, is _______ energy:

Answer 36

mechanical

Question 37

33. Machines make work easier and help us work more:

Answer 37

efficiently

Question 38

34. The six simple machines are:

Answer 38

inclined plane, pulley, lever, screw, wedge, and wheel & axle.

Question 39

35. A combination of two more simple machines is a:

Answer 39

compound machine

Question 40

36. Machines made of many compound machines are:

Answer 40

complex machines

Question 41

37. An object that is sharp, like a knife, ax, or nail, is a:

Answer 41

wedge

Question 42

38. Doorknobs, screwdrivers, and wheels of all sorts are:

Answer 42

wheel and axles

Question 43

39. A seesaw, crowbar, shovel, and nutcracker are:

Answer 43

levers

Question 44

40. A ramp, staircase, and ladder are

Answer 44

inclined planes

Question 45

41. A jar lid and corkscrew are:

Answer 45

screws

Question 46

42. What simple machine is used to hoist a flag or raise window blinds?

Answer 46

pulley

Question 47

43. A wheelbarrow, scissors, and a bicycle are:

Answer 47

compound machines

Question 48

44. Simple machines with fulcrums (pivot points) are usually:

Answer 48

levers

Question 49

45. These simple machines have ropes or chains.

Answer 49

pulleys

Question 50

46. A wheelbarrow is a compound machine with a ____ and _____.

Answer 50

lever (the handles); and wheel and axle

Question 51

47. A pair of scissors has:

Answer 51

a lever and wedges

Question 52

48. Two objects rubbing together create:

Answer 52

friction

Question 53

49. Friction resists or stops motion, and creates:

Answer 53

heat

Question 54

50. Unless acted on by a force, objects in motion tend to stay in motion and objects at rest remain at rest. This is the principal of:

Answer 54

inertia

Question 55

51. It’s harder to push a real truck than a toy truck because objects with more mass have:

Answer 55

more inertia

Question 56

52. Which will light a bulb, an open or closed circuit?

Answer 56

A closed circuit

Question 57

53. If your string of holiday lights goes dark when one little bulb burns out, the string of lights is a:

Answer 57

series circuit

Question 58

54. This circuit has more than one pathway for the flow of electrical current. If one bulb burns the others will remain lit. It is a:

Answer 58

Parallel circuit

Question 59

55. Electrical energy moves easily through materials that are:

Answer 59

conductors.

Question 60

56. Wires are usual made from ____ because it conducts electricity well.

Answer 60

metal (often copper)

Question 61

57. Material like rubber, plastic and wood do not conduct electricity well. They are:

Answer 61

insulators

Question 62

58. This is a dry-cell battery. Common dry-cells usually have low:

Answer 62

voltage (1.5v or 9v)

Question 63

59. Magnets attract these metals:

Answer 63

iron (steel) cobalt, nickel

Question 64

60.The iron filings in this picture show ________created by a magnetic field.

Answer 64

lines of force

Question 65

61. Magnetism and _______ are very closely related.

Answer 65

electricity

Question 66

62. An electric current creates a magnetic field, and a magnetic field creates an _________ .

Answer 66

electric current

Question 67

62a. If you wrap wire around a nail and run electricity through the wire, you have created an: Electromagnets are useful because they can be turned on an off.

Answer 67

electromagnet

Question 68

63. If you rub your feet on the carpet, or rub a balloon on a wool sweater, you may create:

Answer 68

static electricity

Question 69

64. Static electricity occurs when negatively charged _____ are rubbed off of one surface and on to another.

Answer 69

electrons

Question 70

65. Benjamin Franklin learned that lightning was a form of electricity. What kind of electricity?

Answer 70

static electricity

Question 71

66. Who invented the light bulb?

Answer 71

Thomas Edison

Question 72

67. Which plant part takes in water and nutrients?

Answer 72

the root

Question 73

67. Which part supports the plant and allows the movement of water and nutrients?

Answer 73

the stem

Question 74

69. Which plant part makes food for the plant?

Answer 74

the leaves

Question 75

70. The seed forms in the female reproductive part of the flower called the:

Answer 75

pistil

Question 76

71. Pollen forms on the ends of the male reproductive parts of the flower called the:

Answer 76

stamen

Question 77

72. The small leaves that form around the developing flower are the:

Answer 77

sepals

Question 78

73. Pollen is transferred from the stamen to the pistil in a process called:

Answer 78

pollination

Question 79

74. Most plants reproduce with seeds, but ferns and mosses reproduce with:

Answer 79

spores

Question 80

75. Green plants produce their own food in a process called:

Answer 80

photosynthesis

Question 81

76. To produce food, green plants use:

Answer 81

water, nutrients, sunlight, carbon dioxide (from the air) and chlorophyll.

Question 82

77. Plants are green because of:

Answer 82

chlorophyll

Question 83

78. Many plants enter a period of ______ in the winter, which is similar to hibernation for animals. During this period most of their normal activities stop.

Answer 83

dormancy

Question 84

79. An organism’s _____ provides food, water, shelter and space.

Answer 84

habitat

Question 85

80. All of the organisms in a forest make up a _______, and all of the organisms in a pond make up a pond _______.

Answer 85

forest community; pond community

Question 86

81. All energy comes from _____ , and then cycles through the food webs to all of the animals in the community.

Answer 86

the sun

Question 87

82. _______ get energy directly from the sun and use it to make food.

Answer 87

Plants

Question 88

83. Because plants produce their own food, they are called ___________ .

Answer 88

producers

Question 89

84. Other organism do not get their energy from the sun. They get their energy by:

Answer 89

eating plants, or eating animals that have eaten plants.

Question 90

85. Organisms that get their energy from eating plants or other animals are called:

Answer 90

consumers

Question 91

86. The sun’s energy cycles through the ecosystem in this order:

Answer 91

sun->producers->consumers>decomposers

Question 92

87. All of the interrelated food chains in an ecosystem make up a:

Answer 92

food web

Question 93

88. Food chains and food webs always start with a:

Answer 93

plant

Question 94

89. The food chain starts with a producer (a plant) and ends with a:

Answer 94

decomposer

Question 95

90. Decomposers like ______ break down organisms and recycle them back to the nutrient pool.

Answer 95

fungi

Question 96

91. All of the living and nonliving things in an environment make up:

Answer 96

an ecosystem

Question 97

92. Everything in an ecosystem depends on everything else. Humans often destroy ecosystems by:

Answer 97

polluting ponds, chopping down forests, etc.

Question 98

93. The specific place an organism has in the food web is the organism’s:

Answer 98

niche

Question 99

94. The niche of every organism is different, and an organism’s niche changes as it grows. A niche is the organism’s role in the community, and includes:

Answer 99

what it does, what it eats, and what eats it.

Question 100

95. All organisms have _________ that allow it to survive in its environment.

Answer 100

adaptations

Question 101

96. Structural adaptations are __________ that help an organism survive, like long beaks, webbed feet, camouflage.

Answer 101

body parts

Question 102

97. Behavioral adaptations are things that organisms do to survive. Examples of behavioral adaptations are:

Answer 102

migration, hibernation, instincts, etc

Question 103

98. The measure of the amount of heat energy in the atmosphere is:

Answer 103

temperature

Question 104

99. The amount of moisture in the air is:

Answer 104

humidity

Question 105

100. The weight of the air causes:

Answer 105

air pressure

Question 106

101. Air circulates around the Earth in big chunks called:

Answer 106

air masses

Question 107

102. The boundary between two air masses is called a:

Answer 107

front

Question 108

103. A warm front occurs when a warm air mass pushes out a cold mass. A warm front usually brings:

Answer 108

steady rain or drizzle followed by warmer temperatures.

Question 109

104. A cold front occurs when a cold air mass pushes out a warm air mass. A cold front usually brings:

Answer 109

a short period of heavy rain or thunder, followed by clear colder weather.

Question 110

105. A falling barometer often means:

Answer 110

rainy weather ahead.

Question 111

106. What kind of cloud brings stormy weather, thunderstorms, and sometimes even tornadoes?

Answer 111

Cumulonimbus

Question 112

107. Puffy white clouds that look like cotton balls are:

Answer 112

cumulus clouds

Question 113

108. High, thin, wispy clouds are:

Answer 113

cirrus clouds

Question 114

109. Which cloud forms a gray blanket over the sky, often bringing steady rain or drizzle?

Answer 114

stratus cloud

Question 115

110. This instrument measures air pressure:

Answer 115

barometer

Question 116

111. This instrument measures wind speed:

Answer 116

anemometer

Question 117

112. This instrument measures moisture in the air:

Answer 117

hygrometer

Question 118

113. This instrument measures precipitation:

Answer 118

rain gauge

Question 119

114. These severe storms usually form over water in the Caribbean:

Answer 119

hurricanes

Question 120

115. Earth is one of ____ planets that revolve around the sun.

Answer 120

nine

Question 121

116. Earth is the ______ planet from the sun.

Answer 121

third

Question 122

117. Venus, Mercury, Earth and Mars are the :

Answer 122

rocky inner planets

Question 123

118. How far is the Earth from the sun?

Answer 123

150 million km

Question 124

119. What does the Earth have that allows it to support life?

Answer 124

water and an oxygen rich atmosphere

Question 125

110. How does the Earth’s atmosphere protect the Earth?

Answer 125

It blocks out most of the sun’s damaging rays.

Question 126

111. Ancient Greeks like Aristotle and Ptolemy believed _________ was the center of our solar system, and the planets and the sun revolved around us.

Answer 126

the Earth

Question 127

112. Copernicus and Galileo tried to convince the world that ________ was actually the center of the solar system, and all of the planets revolve around around it, and not around the Earth.

Answer 127

the sun

Question 128

113. The NASA Apollo missions sent astronauts to the ______ .

Answer 128

the moon

Question 129

114. About half of Virginia is considered to be in the Chesapeake Bay ________ because the surface water and all of the materials it carries drain into the Chesapeake Bay.

Answer 129

watershed

Question 130

115. Land drained by rivers west of Roanoke is part of the Mississippi _________.

Answer 130

watershed

Question 131

116. Much of Virginia is covered in ______, an important natural resource for Virginia.

Answer 131

forests

Question 132

117. An important energy resource mined in the southwestern part of Virginia is ________ .

Answer 132

coal

Question 133

Sound is a form of energy produced by:

Answer 133

vibrating matter

Question 134

Sound travels in:

Answer 134

waves

Question 135

The ______ of a sound is the number of vibration in a given time.

Answer 135

frequency

Question 136

An object vibrating faster will have a higher frequency and a higher:

Answer 136

pitch

Question 137

Sound is a ______ wave.

Answer 137

compression

Question 138

The distance between compressions, or between the peaks of two waves is the:

Answer 138

wavelength

Question 139

What kind of matter does sound travel through fastest?

Answer 139

solids

Question 140

Sound travels slower through gases than through liquids and solids because the molecules in gases are:

Answer 140

farthest apart

Question 141

Dogs, bats and other animals can hear ________ sounds that humans cannot hear. Whales can hear lower frequency sounds.

Answer 141

high frequency

Question 142

Musical instruments _____ to produce sounds.

Answer 142

vibrate

Question 143

An instrument that uses sound echoes to measure see the ocean floor or underwater objects is a:

Answer 143

sonar

Question 144

_______ is a combination of several different wavelengths of light traveling together.

Answer 144

white light

Question 145

The wavelengths of light from longest to shortest are red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet. To remember this we use:

Answer 145

Roy G. Biv

Question 146

The color light with the longest wavelength is:

Answer 146

red

Question 147

The color light with the shortest wavelength is:

Answer 147

violet

Question 148

Light travels much _____ than sound through the atmosphere.

Answer 148

faster

Question 149

It takes light from the sun _______ to travel 150 million km to Earth.

Answer 149

81/2 minutes

Question 150

Light travels in straight paths called:

Answer 150

rays

Question 151

Light travels fastest through:

Answer 151

a vacuum or empty space

Question 152

When light bounces off an object, it is:

Answer 152

reflected

Question 153

When light bends, it is:

Answer 153

refracted

Question 154

When light passes through an object, it is:

Answer 154

transmitted

Question 155

Light passes easily through a window because the glass is:

Answer 155

transparent

Question 156

Some light can pass through wax paper. Wax paper is:

Answer 156

translucent

Question 157

Light can’t travel through a wall. A wall is:

Answer 157

opaque

Question 158

When white light passes through a ________ , the different wavelengths bend at different angles, so we see a rainbow of colors.

Answer 158

prism

Question 159

A concave and convex lenses bend or _____ light.

Answer 159

refract

Question 160

There are over 100 pure substances, called:

Answer 160

elements

Question 161

The smallest part of an element is an:

Answer 161

atom

Question 162

When two of more elements combine to make a completely new substance, it is called a:

Answer 162

compound

Question 163

The smallest part of compound is a:

Answer 163

molecule

Question 164

H2O is a compound known as:

Answer 164

water

Question 165

NaCl (Sodium Chloride) is a compound called:

Answer 165

salt

Question 166

Substances that combined but can be separated again are called:

Answer 166

mixtures

Question 167

A mixture in which one substance dissolves in another is called a:

Answer 167

solution

Question 168

Sugar mixed into water is a_______ because if the water evaporated, the sugar would remain in the container.

Answer 168

solution (a type of mixture)

Question 169

The three states of matter are:

Answer 169

solid, liquid, and gas

Question 170

If you heat a solid, it may:

Answer 170

melt into a liquid

Question 171

If you heat a liquid, it may:

Answer 171

evaporate into a gas

Question 172

If you cool a gas, it may _______ into a liquid.

Answer 172

condense

Question 173

If you cool a liquid, it may ______ into a solid.

Answer 173

freeze

Question 174

Clouds, dew, water droplets on the outside of a glass on a hot day, are all caused by:

Answer 174

condensation

Question 175

When you heat matter, the atoms and molecules:

Answer 175

move faster and usually spread apart

Question 176

In a solid, the molecules are:

Answer 176

tightly packed and barely moving

Question 177

In a gas the molecules are:

Answer 177

moving fast and spread apart

Question 178

Living things are made of:

Answer 178

cells

Question 179

Using a ______ you can see many parts of a cell.

Answer 179

microscope

Question 180

Plant cells tend to be:

Answer 180

rectangular

Question 181

The control center of the cell is the:

Answer 181

nucleus

Question 182

The jellylike substance in a cell is the:

Answer 182

cytoplasm

Question 183

The water and waste storage sacs in a cell are called:

Answer 183

vacuoles

Question 184

The outer layer of an animal cell is the:

Answer 184

cell membrane

Question 185

Plant cell have cell membranes but they have another stiff outer layer called the:

Answer 185

cell wall

Question 186

Plants cell also have _____ which hold chlorophyll needed for photosynthesis.

Answer 186

chloroplasts

Question 187

Name the 5 kingdoms of living things.

Answer 187

Plants, Animals, Fungi, Monera, Protists

Question 188

To which kingdom to bacteria belong?

Answer 188

Monera

Question 189

To which kingdom to mushrooms belong?

Answer 189

Fungi

Question 190

To which kingdom do most algae belong?

Answer 190

Protists

Question 191

Are most plants vascular or nonvascular?

Answer 191

Vascular

Question 192

Plants that do not have special veins to transport food and water are:

Answer 192

nonvascular

Question 193

Name a nonvascular plant.

Answer 193

moss

Question 194

Animals with backbones are:

Answer 194

vertebrates

Question 195

Animals without backbones are:

Answer 195

invertebrates

Question 196

Snakes, lizards and fish are:

Answer 196

vertebrates

Question 197

Clams, squid, worms and insects are:

Answer 197

invertebrates

Question 198

The ocean covers how much of the Earth?

Answer 198

70.00%

Question 199

The shallow parts of the ocean floor at the edges of the continents make up the:

Answer 199

continental shelf

Question 200

The salinity of the ocean varies. Salinity means:

Answer 200

saltiness

Question 201

Wind patterns and different water densities cause:

Answer 201

ocean currents

Question 202

As the depth of the ocean increases, what else increases?

Answer 202

water pressure

Question 203

As the depth of the ocean increases, what decreases?

Answer 203

temperature and the amount of light

Question 204

An ocean current which carries warm water from the equator to Europe is:

Answer 204

The Gulf Stream

Question 205

The greatest variety of ocean life is in the shallowest part of the ocean, above the:

Answer 205

continental shelf

Question 206

These tiny plant-like organisms produce much of the Earth’s oxygen and serve as the basis of the ocean ecosystem

Answer 206

Phytoplankton

Question 207

Phytoplankton, like other plants, need sunlight for photosynthesis, and therefore live :

Answer 207

On the ocean’s surface

Question 208

The deepest parts of the ocean are:

Answer 208

trenches

Question 209

It is mostly the pull of the moon’s gravity that causes:

Answer 209

tides

Question 210

Underwater mountains caused by plate movements are:

Answer 210

mid-ocean ridges

Question 211

Three types of rock are:

Answer 211

sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous

Question 212

Over a period of time, layers of sediment are pressed together to form these types of rocks.

Answer 212

Sedimentary

Question 213

When molten rock or magma cools below the Earth’s surface or cools after erupting from a volcano as lava, this type of rock is formed.

Answer 213

Igneous rock

Question 214

Rocks formed from other types of rocks by intense heat and pressure deep within the Earth are called:

Answer 214

Metamorphic rocks

Question 215

Sedimentary rocks often contain these remains of organisms which tell us a lot about life and Earth in the past.

Answer 215

fossils

Question 216

Scientific evidence indicates the Earth is how old?

Answer 216

4.6 billion years old

Question 217

The Earth’s surface is constantly changing due to heat and pressure within the Earth and weathering and erosion at the surface. These processes constantly change rock from one type to another in a cycle called:

Answer 217

The Rock Cycle

Question 218

The two layers of the Earth that are composed mostly of rocky material are:

Answer 218

The crust and mantle

Question 219

The layers composed mostly of iron and nickel

Answer 219

Inner and outer core

Question 220

Heat energy causes movement of material within the Earth. Large, continent-sized blocks that move slowly about the Earth’s surface due to this heat energy are called:

Answer 220

plates

Question 221

Most earthquakes and volcanoes are located at the boundary of the plates, called:

Answer 221

faults

Question 222

Mountain ranges, including the Appalachian mountains, mid-ocean ridges and trenches are caused by:

Answer 222

Plate movements

Question 223

Rocks on the Earth’s surface are constantly being broken down by chemical processes, weather, glaciers and even tree roots. Rocks are broken into smaller pieces in a process called:

Answer 223

weathering

Question 224

Weather rock material, sand and soil can be moved by water and wind in a process called:

Answer 224

erosion

Question 225

Roots hold soil in place. How can soil erosion be prevented?

Answer 225

planting trees and other vegetation

Question 226

Mountains are usually caused by:

Answer 226

plate movements

Question 227

Mountains and volcanoes usually form on the _____ between two plates, when the plates push together or split apart. (convergent and divergent boundaries)

Answer 227

boundaries

Question 228

Plates that slide against each other are called sliding boundaries - They cause:

Answer 228

earthquakes.