Science 4th & 5th grade SOL Flashcards
1
Q
Cover the right column with a piece of paper or your hand. Answer the question and check your answer. Each time you answer correctly, put a check in the little box. By test time, you’ll want a check in each of the boxes.
A
Cover these answers!
2
Q
- If you are given a picture and asked to make an OBSERVATION, you must choose the answer that includes only:
A
things that you can actually see with your own eyes
3
Q
- Which is NOT an observation I could make while looking up at the sky? “The sky is blue.” “A big, dark cloud is moving in” “Soon it’s going to rain.”
A
“Soon it’s going to rain” is not an observation. It is a prediction.
4
Q
- The mass of an object is:
A
the amount of matter in an object - - how heavy it is.
5
Q
- Given a 2-liter bottle of Coke, 2 liters is a measure of:
A
the volume of Coke - or how much space it takes up.
6
Q
- The capacity of a container is how much it can hold. The capacity our large Coke bottle, even if it is empty, is:
A
2 liters
7
Q
- The capacity of an eyedropper would be a few:
A
milliliters
8
Q
- A milliliter of liquid is:
A
a few drops
9
Q
- The volume of liquid in a graduated cylinder might be 50:
A
ml or 50 milliliters
10
Q
- The volume of liquid in a beaker might be 300:
A
ml or 300 milliliters
11
Q
- One thousand milliliters equals:
A
1 liter
12
Q
10a. A liter is close in volume to a:
A
quart
13
Q
11.An instrument used to measure mass is a:
A
balance
14
Q
- The mass of a paperclip or a sheet of paper is about:
A
1 gram or 1g
15
Q
- The mass of a book could be about:
A
1 kilogram or 1kg
16
Q
- 1000 grams equal:
A
1 kilogram
17
Q
- Length and distance are measured in these metric units:
A
millimeters (mm) 10mm=1cm centimeters (cm) 100cm=1m meters (m) 1000m=1km kilometers (km)
18
Q
15a. Volume of a liquid or capacity of a container is measured in these metric units:
A
milliliters (mL) liters (L) 1000mL=1L
19
Q
15b. Mass is measured in these metric units:
A
grams (g) 1000g=1kg kilograms (kg)
20
Q
- A centimeter is about as long as your:
A
fingernail
21
Q
- The length of each of these dashes - - - is about:
A
1 or 2 millimeters (mm)
22
Q
- If your fingernail is one centimeter long, how long is it in millimeters?
A
10 (10mm = 1cm)
23
Q
- The distance from your waist to the floor could be about:
A
1 meter or 1m
24
Q
- One-hundred centimeters equals:
A
1 meter
25
21. The distance from Terraset to the nearest 7-Eleven is about:
1 kilometer or 1km
26
22. One thousand meters equals:
1 kilometer or 1km
27
23. In an experiment to measure the how different types of soil affect tulip growth, you fill five identical pots with different types of soil and place a tulip bulb in each. The variable in the experiment is the:
soil
28
24. The pots, tulip bulbs, water and amount of sunlight are should be the same for all of the pots. These are the:
constants
29
25. For accuracy, you perform the experiment many times. In the first three trials, the tulip in sandy soil grows only 10cm tall before dying. The 4th trial, the tulip grows 15cm tall and flowers. Which result is unusual?
The 4th trial (15cm) because it is different from the others.
30
26. Objects in motion have ______ energy.
kinetic
31
27. Potential energy is ________ energy.
stored
32
28. Due to the pull of gravity, the higher an object is off the ground, the more ____________ it has.
potential energy
33
29. When I hold a ball in the air, it has potential energy. When I let go, the ball starts to fall. Potential energy changes to:
kinetic energy
34
30. There are many forms of energy. Energy caused by the movement of electrons is:
electrical energy
35
31. Energy stored in food, batteries and fossil fuels like coal and gasoline is:
chemical energy
36
32. Energy in moving or spinning objects like gears, car wheels, or joggers, is _______ energy:
mechanical
37
33. Machines make work easier and help us work more:
efficiently
38
34. The six simple machines are:
inclined plane, pulley, lever, screw, wedge, and wheel & axle.
39
35. A combination of two more simple machines is a:
compound machine
40
36. Machines made of many compound machines are:
complex machines
41
37. An object that is sharp, like a knife, ax, or nail, is a:
wedge
42
38. Doorknobs, screwdrivers, and wheels of all sorts are:
wheel and axles
43
39. A seesaw, crowbar, shovel, and nutcracker are:
levers
44
40. A ramp, staircase, and ladder are
inclined planes
45
41. A jar lid and corkscrew are:
screws
46
42. What simple machine is used to hoist a flag or raise window blinds?
pulley
47
43. A wheelbarrow, scissors, and a bicycle are:
compound machines
48
44. Simple machines with fulcrums (pivot points) are usually:
levers
49
45. These simple machines have ropes or chains.
pulleys
50
46. A wheelbarrow is a compound machine with a ____ and \_\_\_\_\_.
lever (the handles); and wheel and axle
51
47. A pair of scissors has:
a lever and wedges
52
48. Two objects rubbing together create:
friction
53
49. Friction resists or stops motion, and creates:
heat
54
50. Unless acted on by a force, objects in motion tend to stay in motion and objects at rest remain at rest. This is the principal of:
inertia
55
51. It's harder to push a real truck than a toy truck because objects with more mass have:
more inertia
56
52. Which will light a bulb, an open or closed circuit?
A closed circuit
57
53. If your string of holiday lights goes dark when one little bulb burns out, the string of lights is a:
series circuit
58
54. This circuit has more than one pathway for the flow of electrical current. If one bulb burns the others will remain lit. It is a:
Parallel circuit
59
55. Electrical energy moves easily through materials that are:
conductors.
60
56. Wires are usual made from ____ because it conducts electricity well.
metal (often copper)
61
57. Material like rubber, plastic and wood do not conduct electricity well. They are:
insulators
62
58. This is a dry-cell battery. Common dry-cells usually have low:
voltage (1.5v or 9v)
63
59. Magnets attract these metals:
iron (steel) cobalt, nickel
64
60.The iron filings in this picture show \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_created by a magnetic field.
lines of force
65
61. Magnetism and _______ are very closely related.
electricity
66
62. An electric current creates a magnetic field, and a magnetic field creates an _________ .
electric current
67
62a. If you wrap wire around a nail and run electricity through the wire, you have created an: Electromagnets are useful because they can be turned on an off.
electromagnet
68
63. If you rub your feet on the carpet, or rub a balloon on a wool sweater, you may create:
static electricity
69
64. Static electricity occurs when negatively charged _____ are rubbed off of one surface and on to another.
electrons
70
65. Benjamin Franklin learned that lightning was a form of electricity. What kind of electricity?
static electricity
71
66. Who invented the light bulb?
Thomas Edison
72
67. Which plant part takes in water and nutrients?
the root
73
67. Which part supports the plant and allows the movement of water and nutrients?
the stem
74
69. Which plant part makes food for the plant?
the leaves
75
70. The seed forms in the female reproductive part of the flower called the:
pistil
76
71. Pollen forms on the ends of the male reproductive parts of the flower called the:
stamen
77
72. The small leaves that form around the developing flower are the:
sepals
78
73. Pollen is transferred from the stamen to the pistil in a process called:
pollination
79
74. Most plants reproduce with seeds, but ferns and mosses reproduce with:
spores
80
75. Green plants produce their own food in a process called:
photosynthesis
81
76. To produce food, green plants use:
water, nutrients, sunlight, carbon dioxide (from the air) and chlorophyll.
82
77. Plants are green because of:
chlorophyll
83
78. Many plants enter a period of ______ in the winter, which is similar to hibernation for animals. During this period most of their normal activities stop.
dormancy
84
79. An organism's _____ provides food, water, shelter and space.
habitat
85
80. All of the organisms in a forest make up a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_, and all of the organisms in a pond make up a pond \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
forest community; pond community
86
81. All energy comes from _____ , and then cycles through the food webs to all of the animals in the community.
the sun
87
82. _______ get energy directly from the sun and use it to make food.
Plants
88
83. Because plants produce their own food, they are called ___________ .
producers
89
84. Other organism do not get their energy from the sun. They get their energy by:
eating plants, or eating animals that have eaten plants.
90
85. Organisms that get their energy from eating plants or other animals are called:
consumers
91
86. The sun's energy cycles through the ecosystem in this order:
sun-\>producers-\>consumers\>decomposers
92
87. All of the interrelated food chains in an ecosystem make up a:
food web
93
88. Food chains and food webs always start with a:
plant
94
89. The food chain starts with a producer (a plant) and ends with a:
decomposer
95
90. Decomposers like ______ break down organisms and recycle them back to the nutrient pool.
fungi
96
91. All of the living and nonliving things in an environment make up:
an ecosystem
97
92. Everything in an ecosystem depends on everything else. Humans often destroy ecosystems by:
polluting ponds, chopping down forests, etc.
98
93. The specific place an organism has in the food web is the organism's:
niche
99
94. The niche of every organism is different, and an organism's niche changes as it grows. A niche is the organism's role in the community, and includes:
what it does, what it eats, and what eats it.
100
95. All organisms have _________ that allow it to survive in its environment.
adaptations
101
96. Structural adaptations are __________ that help an organism survive, like long beaks, webbed feet, camouflage.
body parts
102
97. Behavioral adaptations are things that organisms do to survive. Examples of behavioral adaptations are:
migration, hibernation, instincts, etc
103
98. The measure of the amount of heat energy in the atmosphere is:
temperature
104
99. The amount of moisture in the air is:
humidity
105
100. The weight of the air causes:
air pressure
106
101. Air circulates around the Earth in big chunks called:
air masses
107
102. The boundary between two air masses is called a:
front
108
103. A warm front occurs when a warm air mass pushes out a cold mass. A warm front usually brings:
steady rain or drizzle followed by warmer temperatures.
109
104. A cold front occurs when a cold air mass pushes out a warm air mass. A cold front usually brings:
a short period of heavy rain or thunder, followed by clear colder weather.
110
105. A falling barometer often means:
rainy weather ahead.
111
106. What kind of cloud brings stormy weather, thunderstorms, and sometimes even tornadoes?
Cumulonimbus
112
107. Puffy white clouds that look like cotton balls are:
cumulus clouds
113
108. High, thin, wispy clouds are:
cirrus clouds
114
109. Which cloud forms a gray blanket over the sky, often bringing steady rain or drizzle?
stratus cloud
115
110. This instrument measures air pressure:
barometer
116
111. This instrument measures wind speed:
anemometer
117
112. This instrument measures moisture in the air:
hygrometer
118
113. This instrument measures precipitation:
rain gauge
119
114. These severe storms usually form over water in the Caribbean:
hurricanes
120
115. Earth is one of ____ planets that revolve around the sun.
nine
121
116. Earth is the ______ planet from the sun.
third
122
117. Venus, Mercury, Earth and Mars are the :
rocky inner planets
123
118. How far is the Earth from the sun?
150 million km
124
119. What does the Earth have that allows it to support life?
water and an oxygen rich atmosphere
125
110. How does the Earth's atmosphere protect the Earth?
It blocks out most of the sun's damaging rays.
126
111. Ancient Greeks like Aristotle and Ptolemy believed _________ was the center of our solar system, and the planets and the sun revolved around us.
the Earth
127
112. Copernicus and Galileo tried to convince the world that ________ was actually the center of the solar system, and all of the planets revolve around around it, and not around the Earth.
the sun
128
113. The NASA Apollo missions sent astronauts to the ______ .
the moon
129
114. About half of Virginia is considered to be in the Chesapeake Bay ________ because the surface water and all of the materials it carries drain into the Chesapeake Bay.
watershed
130
115. Land drained by rivers west of Roanoke is part of the Mississippi \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
watershed
131
116. Much of Virginia is covered in \_\_\_\_\_\_, an important natural resource for Virginia.
forests
132
117. An important energy resource mined in the southwestern part of Virginia is ________ .
coal
133
Sound is a form of energy produced by:
vibrating matter
134
Sound travels in:
waves
135
The ______ of a sound is the number of vibration in a given time.
frequency
136
An object vibrating faster will have a higher frequency and a higher:
pitch
137
Sound is a ______ wave.
compression
138
The distance between compressions, or between the peaks of two waves is the:
wavelength
139
What kind of matter does sound travel through fastest?
solids
140
Sound travels slower through gases than through liquids and solids because the molecules in gases are:
farthest apart
141
Dogs, bats and other animals can hear ________ sounds that humans cannot hear. Whales can hear lower frequency sounds.
high frequency
142
Musical instruments _____ to produce sounds.
vibrate
143
An instrument that uses sound echoes to measure see the ocean floor or underwater objects is a:
sonar
144
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is a combination of several different wavelengths of light traveling together.
white light
145
The wavelengths of light from longest to shortest are red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet. To remember this we use:
Roy G. Biv
146
The color light with the longest wavelength is:
red
147
The color light with the shortest wavelength is:
violet
148
Light travels much _____ than sound through the atmosphere.
faster
149
It takes light from the sun _______ to travel 150 million km to Earth.
81/2 minutes
150
Light travels in straight paths called:
rays
151
Light travels fastest through:
a vacuum or empty space
152
When light bounces off an object, it is:
reflected
153
When light bends, it is:
refracted
154
When light passes through an object, it is:
transmitted
155
Light passes easily through a window because the glass is:
transparent
156
Some light can pass through wax paper. Wax paper is:
translucent
157
Light can't travel through a wall. A wall is:
opaque
158
When white light passes through a ________ , the different wavelengths bend at different angles, so we see a rainbow of colors.
prism
159
A concave and convex lenses bend or _____ light.
refract
160
There are over 100 pure substances, called:
elements
161
The smallest part of an element is an:
atom
162
When two of more elements combine to make a completely new substance, it is called a:
compound
163
The smallest part of compound is a:
molecule
164
H2O is a compound known as:
water
165
NaCl (Sodium Chloride) is a compound called:
salt
166
Substances that combined but can be separated again are called:
mixtures
167
A mixture in which one substance dissolves in another is called a:
solution
168
Sugar mixed into water is a\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ because if the water evaporated, the sugar would remain in the container.
solution (a type of mixture)
169
The three states of matter are:
solid, liquid, and gas
170
If you heat a solid, it may:
melt into a liquid
171
If you heat a liquid, it may:
evaporate into a gas
172
If you cool a gas, it may _______ into a liquid.
condense
173
If you cool a liquid, it may ______ into a solid.
freeze
174
Clouds, dew, water droplets on the outside of a glass on a hot day, are all caused by:
condensation
175
When you heat matter, the atoms and molecules:
move faster and usually spread apart
176
In a solid, the molecules are:
tightly packed and barely moving
177
In a gas the molecules are:
moving fast and spread apart
178
Living things are made of:
cells
179
Using a ______ you can see many parts of a cell.
microscope
180
Plant cells tend to be:
rectangular
181
The control center of the cell is the:
nucleus
182
The jellylike substance in a cell is the:
cytoplasm
183
The water and waste storage sacs in a cell are called:
vacuoles
184
The outer layer of an animal cell is the:
cell membrane
185
Plant cell have cell membranes but they have another stiff outer layer called the:
cell wall
186
Plants cell also have _____ which hold chlorophyll needed for photosynthesis.
chloroplasts
187
Name the 5 kingdoms of living things.
Plants, Animals, Fungi, Monera, Protists
188
To which kingdom to bacteria belong?
Monera
189
To which kingdom to mushrooms belong?
Fungi
190
To which kingdom do most algae belong?
Protists
191
Are most plants vascular or nonvascular?
Vascular
192
Plants that do not have special veins to transport food and water are:
nonvascular
193
Name a nonvascular plant.
moss
194
Animals with backbones are:
vertebrates
195
Animals without backbones are:
invertebrates
196
Snakes, lizards and fish are:
vertebrates
197
Clams, squid, worms and insects are:
invertebrates
198
The ocean covers how much of the Earth?
70.00%
199
The shallow parts of the ocean floor at the edges of the continents make up the:
continental shelf
200
The salinity of the ocean varies. Salinity means:
saltiness
201
Wind patterns and different water densities cause:
ocean currents
202
As the depth of the ocean increases, what else increases?
water pressure
203
As the depth of the ocean increases, what decreases?
temperature and the amount of light
204
An ocean current which carries warm water from the equator to Europe is:
The Gulf Stream
205
The greatest variety of ocean life is in the shallowest part of the ocean, above the:
continental shelf
206
These tiny plant-like organisms produce much of the Earth's oxygen and serve as the basis of the ocean ecosystem
Phytoplankton
207
Phytoplankton, like other plants, need sunlight for photosynthesis, and therefore live :
On the ocean's surface
208
The deepest parts of the ocean are:
trenches
209
It is mostly the pull of the moon's gravity that causes:
tides
210
Underwater mountains caused by plate movements are:
mid-ocean ridges
211
Three types of rock are:
sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous
212
Over a period of time, layers of sediment are pressed together to form these types of rocks.
Sedimentary
213
When molten rock or magma cools below the Earth's surface or cools after erupting from a volcano as lava, this type of rock is formed.
Igneous rock
214
Rocks formed from other types of rocks by intense heat and pressure deep within the Earth are called:
Metamorphic rocks
215
Sedimentary rocks often contain these remains of organisms which tell us a lot about life and Earth in the past.
fossils
216
Scientific evidence indicates the Earth is how old?
4.6 billion years old
217
The Earth's surface is constantly changing due to heat and pressure within the Earth and weathering and erosion at the surface. These processes constantly change rock from one type to another in a cycle called:
The Rock Cycle
218
The two layers of the Earth that are composed mostly of rocky material are:
The crust and mantle
219
The layers composed mostly of iron and nickel
Inner and outer core
220
Heat energy causes movement of material within the Earth. Large, continent-sized blocks that move slowly about the Earth's surface due to this heat energy are called:
plates
221
Most earthquakes and volcanoes are located at the boundary of the plates, called:
faults
222
Mountain ranges, including the Appalachian mountains, mid-ocean ridges and trenches are caused by:
Plate movements
223
Rocks on the Earth's surface are constantly being broken down by chemical processes, weather, glaciers and even tree roots. Rocks are broken into smaller pieces in a process called:
weathering
224
Weather rock material, sand and soil can be moved by water and wind in a process called:
erosion
225
Roots hold soil in place. How can soil erosion be prevented?
planting trees and other vegetation
226
Mountains are usually caused by:
plate movements
227
Mountains and volcanoes usually form on the _____ between two plates, when the plates push together or split apart. (convergent and divergent boundaries)
boundaries
228
Plates that slide against each other are called sliding boundaries - They cause:
earthquakes.
