Science Flashcards
Sedimentary rock
A type of rock that forms when sediments harden.
Metamorphic rock
A type of rock that forms from existing rocks because of changes caused by heat and pressure.
Igneous rock
A type of rock that forms from melted rock that cools and hardens.
Sediments
Sand,soil, and rock carried by water, wind, or ice.
Bituminous coal and anthracite
Bituminous coal is a sedimentary rock that is mostly carbon (80%). Anthracite is a metamorphic rock that has the highest percent of carbon of all forms of coal (95%)
Rock cycle
The continuous series of changes that rocks undergo in nature.
Metamorphism
The change from one rock type to another, by heat, pressure, or chemicals.
Weathering
The process of rock being broken down into smaller pieces.
Magma/lava
Magma is melted rock material that forms deep within the Earth. Lava is magma that reaches the Earth’s surface.
Texture
Refers to the size and shape of mineral grains and the way in which they are arranged in a rock.
Cementation
The binding of loose sediments.
Bricks/Adobe bricks
Bricks are small rectangular blocks made from a mixture of clays and other sediments. Adobe bricks are made with a mixture of clay, sand, and sometimes, straw.
Quarry
A mine usually near or at Earth’s surface and from which rock is removed.
How are igneous rocks are grouped?
Igneous rocks are grouped according to how they form.
% of carbon is bituminous coal
80% carbon.
Burial metamorphism causes what amount of change?
Slight change because temperature and pressure is not as high as regional metamorphism.
What affects the formation of sediments?
Wind, water, ice, and the shape of the land can affect the formation of sedimentary rock beds.
How do chemical sedimentary rocks form?
Chemical sedimentary rocks form when water rich in dissolved minerals evaporates, leaving the minerals behind. These rocks also form when chemical changes form new minerals.
Mineral grain size in rock formed from lava and from magma?
The mineral grain size in rocks formed from lava is small. The mineral grain size in rocks formed in magma is larger that the mineral grain size in rocks formed from lava. Some lava rocks including obsidian have no mineral grains.
How does contact metamorphism occur?
Contact metamorphism occurs when hot magma or lava comes in contact with rock.
What amount of sedimentary rocks are layered?
Most sedimentary rocks are layered
