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Grade 9 Science Exam and SAT > Science > Flashcards

Science Flashcards

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1
Q

Sustainability

A

The ability to maintain balance in a natural or artificial ecosystem.

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2
Q

Are natural and artificial ecosystems sustainable?

A

Natural ecosystems maintain themselves through a natural processes, but artificial ecosystems must be managed.

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3
Q

1st Trophic Level

A

Producer

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4
Q

2st Trophic Level

A

Primary Consumer

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5
Q

3rd Trophic Level

A

Secondary Consumer

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6
Q

4rd Trophic Level

A

Tertiary Consumer

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7
Q

What is a trophic level?

A

(aka. feeding level) Where an organism sits on the food chain.

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8
Q

Food Web

A

A food web is much more complex than a food chain. It shows the impact of introducing or eliminating a species in a web.

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9
Q

Predation

A

One individual feeds on another

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10
Q

Mutualism

A

Two individuals benefit one another

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11
Q

Parasitism

A

One individual lives on/in another, causing harm

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12
Q

Commensalism

A

One organism benefits, the host neither benefits nor is harmed

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13
Q

Intraspecies Competition

A

Between individuals of the same species

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14
Q

Interspecies Competition

A

Between individuals of different species

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15
Q

Human Abiotic Influences on both Terrestrial Ecosystems Aquatic Ecosytem

A

Light Availability = Clear cutting and forest fires increase sun’s exposure to sensitive planet/Erosion: More clouding in water
Nutrient Availability= Farming: More or less nutrients in soil/ Entrophilation
Temperature= Global warming impacting cold climate species/ Hot factory water expelled into airways

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16
Q

Human Abiotic Influences only on Terrestrial Ecosystems

A

Water Availability= Dams and draining swamps: Less water/ Irrigation: More water

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17
Q

Human Abiotic Infuences only on Aquatic Ecosystems

A 
Acidity= Increasing because of factories
Salinity= Salting roadways ends up in waterways
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18
Q

Photosynthesis

A

H2O+CO2+Energy from sun———} O2+C6H12O6

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19
Q

Cellular Respiration

A

O2+C6H12O6————} H2O+CO2+Energy from the sun

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20
Q

Lithosphere

A

Rocky shell of the planet that is above the volcanic mantle

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21
Q

Hydrosphere

A

All water above or bellow the earth

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22
Q

Atmosphere

A

Gas layer hundreds of kilometers above the earth’s surface that is 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 1% assorted.

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23
Q

Biosphere

A

Places in the spheres where life can exist

24
Q

Ecological Niche

A

How an organism interacts with its environment

25
Q

Ecosystem

A

All living organisms that share a region and interact with one another.

26
Q

Carrying Capacity

A

The maximum amount of a certain species in an ecosystem

27
Q

Habitat

A

The natural home or environment of an organism

28
Q

Biodiversity

A

The variety of species in an ecosystem, which is highest around the equator.

29
Q

Scavenger

A

Animal that feeds on the remains of other animals

30
Q

Periodic Table Trends

A
  1. As you move along from left to right across the periodic table, the number of protons and electrons greatly increases.
  2. As you progress down a group or family, the distance between the nucleus and the outer orbit of the elements become greater (increasing diameter).
  3. Every time someone moves down a period, a new outer orbit is added in the next period.
  4. If someone follows down any of the families or groups, the number of electrons in the outer orbit stays the same.
31
Q

Name the families on the periodic table (as well as the groups they are found in), and also explain them

A

Alkali Metals (Group 1)
Alkaline Earth Metals (Group 2)
Halogens (Group 17)
Noble Gas (Group 18)

32
Q

Signs of Chemical Change

A 
A new colour appears
A change of odour
Bubbles of gas are formed
A new solid material appears (precipitate) in a liquid
A change in temperature or light
33
Q

Element

A

A pure substance that has only one type of atom

34
Q

Diatomic Molecule

A

A molecule that is made up of two atoms of the same elements.

35
Q

Ionic Compound

A

A metal and a non-metal combined with an ionic bond (positive and negative ions). (Strong bond)

36
Q

Molecular Compound

A

A non-metal and non-metal combined with a molecular bond. They share electrons instead of transferring electrons. (Weak bond)

37
Q

Atomic Theory

A

All matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms.
Atoms are indestructible and unchangeable.
Elements are categorized by their atomic number on the periodic table.
When elements react, their atoms combine in simple, whole number ratios.

38
Q

Valence Electrons

A

The electrons in the outer orbit of an atom.

39
Q

Ion

A

An atom that has either given up or taken electrons in order to have a stable outer orbit.

40
Q

Isotopes

A

A form of an atom that has a different number of neutrons. (An atom, referring to the number of neutrons it has)

41
Q

Groups

A

Columns on the periodic table

42
Q

Period

A

Rows on the periodic table

43
Q

The Law of Electric Charges

A
  1. Objects with like charges repel each other
  2. Objects with unlike charges attract each other
  3. Neutral objects attract with any charged object.
44
Q

Insulators

A

Materials where electrons are prevented from moving freely from atom to atom.

45
Q

Conductors

A

Electrons are able to move freely through the material with minimum resistance.

46
Q

Name all of the parts of a circuit and what they do

A

Power Source/ Cell: Source of electrical energy
Electrical Load: Something that converts electrical energy into another useful form of energy
Conducting Wires: The path for electrons to flow
Switch: Controls the following electrons.

47
Q

Static Electricity

A

The charge stays where the rubbing occurred after friction.

48
Q

Current Electricity

A

The movement, or flow, of electric charges from one place to another over a period of time, and it requires a conductor.

49
Q

Current (say symbol and unit)

A

The amount of charge moving past a given point in a conductor in a given time. The unit is Amperes (or Amps) and the symbol is I.

50
Q

Voltage (say symbol, unit, and things that can effect it)

A

The difference in electrical potential energy between two points in a circuit. The unit is volts and the symbol is V. The power source and the load are things that can have an effect on it.

51
Q

Resistance (say symbol, unit)

A

The opposition of the flow of electrons as they move through a circuit. The unit is Ohms (omega letter) and its symbol is R.

52
Q

Device for measuring resistance

A

Ohmmeter

53
Q

Factors Affecting Resistance

A
  1. Type of Material
  2. Cross-sectional Area
  3. Temperature
  4. Length
54
Q

What is the point of a resistor?

A

It alters the current so that there is not too much current going through the load.

55
Q

Ohm’s Law

A

I=V divided by R

Grade 9 Science Exam and SAT (2 decks)

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