Science 3rd Quarter - The Cells

Question 1

Structure: hair-like organelles that extend from the
surface of cells

When they are present in large numbers on a cell they are
called cilia
When they are less numerous and longer they are called
flagella
Both organelles are composed of nine pairs of microtubules
arranged around a central pair.
Function: cell motility and locomotory organ

Answer 1

Cilia and Flagella

Question 2

Structure:
composed of nine
sets of triplet
microtubules
arranged in a ring

Exist in pairs

Function: centrioles
play a major role in
cell division
(mitosis)

Answer 2

Centrioles

Question 3

Structure: a sac of fluid
surrounded by a membrane

Very large in plants
VESICLE – smaller vacuole
Function: used for
temporary storage of
wastes, nutrients, and
WATER

act like storage tanks

Answer 3

Vacuoles

Question 4

There are three types of plastids in plant cells:

Chloroplasts (discussed on next slide)
Chromoplasts: synthesize and store pigments
Leucoplasts: store food such as starches, proteins, and lipids

Answer 4

Plastids

Question 5

Structure: stacked sacs
(thylakoids) that
contain chlorophyll
surrounded by a double
membrane

Function:
photosynthesis
(conversion of light
energy to chemical
energy stored in the
bonds of glucose)

Answer 5

Chloroplasts

Question 6

Animal cells are very similar to
plant cells except for the
following major differences:

Animal cells do not contain
chloroplasts

Animal cells are not surrounded by
cell walls

The vacuoles in plants are much
larger than those of animals

Answer 6

Plant Cells vs Animal Cells

Question 7

Structure: spherical
organelles that contain
enzymes within single
membranes

Function: Degrade
hydrogen peroxide, a toxic
compound that can be
produced during
metabolism.

Answer 7

Peroxisomes

Question 8

Structure: spherical
organelles that contain
hydrolytic enzymes within
single membranes

Function: breaks down
food particles, invading
objects, or worn out cell
parts

digestive activities of
the cell

Answer 8

Lysosomes

Question 9

Structure: folded membrane
within an outer membrane

The folds of the inner
membrane are called cristae

Function: -converts energy
stored in food into usable
energy for work
cellular respiration (ATP)
needs oxygen to make ATP
(energy)

“Powerhouse of the Cell”

Answer 9

Mitochondria

Question 10

Structure: stacked flat sacs

Function: receives proteins
from the rER and distributes
them to other organelles or
out of the cell

(receiving, processing,
packaging, and shipping)

Answer 10

Golgi Apparatus/Complex

Question 11

An Italian scientist who first identified
it.

Answer 11

Camillo Golgi

Question 12

Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum (sER): involved in
the synthesis of lipids and
breakdown of toxic
substances

Not covered with ribosomes

Answer 12

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 13

Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum (rER): prominent
in cells that make large
amounts of proteins to be
exported from the cell or
inserted into the cell
membrane

Covered with ribosomes

Answer 13

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 14

Structure: consist of two
subunits made of protein
and RNA

Function: location of
protein synthesis

Make proteins

PROTEINS – the building blocks of

Answer 14

Ribosomes

Question 14

Structure: a system of membranous tubules and sacs

Function: intercellular highway (a path along which
molecules move from one part of the cell to another)

Two types:

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum - transports of proteins

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 14

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 15

Structure: a network of
thin, fibrous elements
made up of microtubules
(hollow tubes) and
microfilaments (threads
made out of actin)

Function: -acts as a
support system for
organelles
-maintains cell shape

Answer 15

Cytoskeletons

Question 16

Structure: gelatin-like fluid that lies inside the cell

membrane
Function: -contains salts, site of
food, minerals, water and organic molecules
- surrounds and holds the
the internal parts of the

cell (organelles)

Answer 16

Cytoplasm

Question 17

Structure: rigid wall made
up of cellulose, proteins,
and carbohydrates

Function: boundary around
the plant cell that provides
structure, protection

Answer 17

Cell Wall

Question 18

Structure: the nucleus is a
sphere that contains another
sphere called a nucleolus (make
ribosome in the cytoplasm)

Function: -storage center of
cell’s DNA
- manages cell functions
- controls all cellular activities
- control center of the cell
- “brain of the cell”

Answer 18

Nucleus

Question 19

Structure: phospholipid
bilayer with proteins that
function as channels,
markers, and receptors
-also contains cholesterol
which provides rigidity

Function: selectively
permeable boundary
between the cell and the
external environment

Answer 19

Cell Membrane

Question 20

cells that contain a nucleus and
membrane-bound organelles

Answer 20

Eukaryotes

Question 20

a cell component that performs specific
functions in the cell

Answer 20

Organelle

Question 20

Smallest cell

Answer 20

Bacterium, 2 - 10MM

Question 21

cells that lack nuclei and
membrane-bound organelles

Answer 21

Prokaryotes

Question 22

Longest cell

Answer 22

Giraffe nerve cell, 2m

Question 23

a botanist, concluded that all plants are composed/made of cells

Answer 23

Matthias Schleiden

Question 24

a zoologist, concluded that all animals are composed/made of
cells

Answer 24

Theodore Schwann

Question 25

determined that cells come only from other
cells

Answer 25

Rudolf Virchow

Question 26

was the first person to observe living cells.

Answer 26

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

Question 27

observed a thin slice of cork (dead plant
cells) with a microscope. He described what he observed as
“little boxes” (cells).

Answer 27

Robert Hooke