SCIENCE 2ND QUARTER LT Flashcards
A disturbance that moves through a medium when the medium’s particles cause neighboring particles to move.
Wave
A wave that is a result of vibrations between electric and magnetic fields.
EM Wave
Invisible force field created by the attraction and repulsion of electrical charges.
Electric Field
It is an area around a magnet or something magnetic, in which it has a force to attract objects to itself.
Magnetic Field
A changing electric field produces a magnetic field. A changing magnetic field is therefore produced around a vibrating charge is a theory by __
Oersted
Created as a result of vibrations between an electric and magnetic field.
EM Wave
A changing magnetic field with produce an electric field is a theory by __
Joseph Henry and Faraday
They travel in a vacuum.
EM Wave
They don’t need a medium to travel.
EM Wave
Speed of EM Wave
3x10*8 m/s
It is a range of all EM wave.
Electromagnetic Spectrum
It is arranged in order of increasing wavelength and decreasing frequency.
Electromagnetic Spectrum
These are the waves that allow us to listen to the radio.
Radio Waves
They have long wavelengths and low frequencies.
Radio Waves
They are used for broadcasting music, news and other information.
Radio Waves
Frequency Range: Less than 3kHz and greater than 100km. Atmosphere.
Extremely Low Frequency (ELF)
Frequency Range: 3-30 kHz and 10-100 km.
Very Low Frequency (VLF)
Can be detected using a myriameter band.
Very Low Frequency (VLF)
Used in military communications with submarine.
Very Low Frequency (VLF)
Frequency Range: 30-300 kHz and 1m to 10km.
Low Frequency (LF)
Used in long distance communications.
Low Frequency
Frequency Range: 300kHz to 3MHz and 100m - 1km.
Medium Frequency
used in Amplitude Modulation broadcasting and air traffic control.
Medium Frequency
Frequency Range: 3-30 MHz and 10m to 100m.
High Frequency
Used in international broadcasting stations.
High Frequency
Frequency Range: 30-300 MHz and 1m - 10m.
Very High Frequency
Digital audio broadcasting and mobile radio system.
Very High Frequency
Frequency Range: 300MHz - 3GHz and 10cm to 1m.
Ultra High Frequency
Used in TV broadcasting, GPS, WIFI and bluetooth.
Ultra High Frequency
Have shorter wavelengths and higher frequencies than radio waves.
Microwaves
They are used in microwave ovens to cook and heat food.
Microwaves
They are also used for communication, such as cell phones and WI-FI.
Microwaves
Frequency is 300MHz to 300GHz.
Microwaves
Sometimes called “heat radiation” because we feel it as warmth.
Infrared Radiation
Used in devices like TV remote controls and thermal cameras.
Infared Radiation
Type of EM Radiation that allows us to see the world around us.
Visible Light
Patters of dark lines and colors.
Visible Light
Has shorter wavelengths and higher frequencies than visible light.
Ultraviolet Radiation
It comes from the sun and is responsible for causing sunburns.
Ultraviolet Radiation
most harmful UV Ray.
UVC
Have shorter wavelengths and higher frequencies than UV radiation.
X-Radiation
They can pass through our bodies and are used in medical imaging, like X-ray machines, to see our bones and organs.
X-Radiation
have the shortest wavelengths and highest frequencies of all the radiations
Gamma Rays
They are produced during nuclear reactions and can be very harmful. Scientists use this to treat cancer.
Gamma Rays
Naturally produced by pulsars, supernova explosions, neutron stars, and also by the decay of some radioactive elements.
Gamma Rays
Cannot penetrate the cells of organism
Radio, Micro, Infra and Visible Light.
Has a photochemical reaction: sunburn, thermal heating of surface.
Radio, Micro, Infra, Visible
Can penetrate the cells of an organism.
Ultraviolet, X-Ray, Gamma.
Biological damage
Ultraviolet, X-Ray, Gamma.
Affect fast growing cells like hair and skin. Also kills cells.
Ultraviolet, X-Ray, Gamma.
High amount of radiation exposure but in a short period of time.
Acute Exposure
Used in treating cancer. *exposure
Acute Exposure
Exposed in to small amount of radiation but in a long period of time.
Chronic Exposure
Curie (Ci) or Bq (Becquerel) is used for identifying/symbolizing
Radioactivity
C/kg (Coulumb per kilogram) or R (Roentgent) is used for identifying/symbolizing
Amount of radiation in the air or Radiation exposure
Rad (Radiation absorbed dose) or Gy (Gray) is used to identify/symbolize
Absorbed Doses
Rem (Roentgen equivalent man) or Sv (siervet) is used to identify/symbolize
Dose Equivalent Mirror
Curves inward with the reflective surface facing inward, creating a hollow shape.
Concave Mirror
The reflective surface is on the inner side, facing towards the center of the curvature.
Concave Mirror
Have a real focal point where parallel rays of light converge after reflecting off the mirror.
Concave Mirror
Can form both real and virtual images depending on the object’s position relative to the focal point.
Concave Mirror
Can produce both magnified and diminished images.
Concave Mirror
Curves outwards with the reflective surface facing outwards, creating a bulging shape.
Convex Mirror
The surface of this mirror is on the outer side, facing away from the center of the curvature.
Convex Mirror
Has a virtual focal point.
Convex Mirrors
Can produce diminished images, making objects appear smaller than they are in reality.
Convex Mirrors
Used as a safety mirror in traffic.
Convex Mirrors
“Converging”
Light rays converge at one point after they strike and are reflected from the surface.
Concave Mirrors
Produce real and virtual images.
Concave Mirrors
Method used to predict the characteristics of image formed in curved mirrors.
Ray Diagrams
Light ray passing through or directed towards the center of curvature retraces its path after reflection.
Images formed by a curved mirror.
Light rays passing through or directed towards the focus is reflected as a ray parallel to the x-axis.
Images formed by a curved mirror.
Light rays parallel to the principal axis passes through or diverge from focus after reflection
Images formed by a curved mirror.
“Diverging”
Light rays diverge after they strike the mirror.
Convex Mirrors
A piece of clear plastic or glass with a curved surface.
Lens
Light refracts most at the outer surface, while no refraction occurs in the middle.
Lens
Light rays will either converge or diverge behind the ___.
Lens
Type of lens that is thicker at the center.
Converging Lens/Convex Lens
It converges the light rays towards the focus.
Converging Lens/Convex Lens
Lens that is thicker at the edges
Diverging Lens/Concave Lens
The light rays will diverge as they come through the lens.
Diverging/ConcaveLens
Highest point in the wave.
Crest
Lowest point of the wave.
Trough
distance from the midpoint to the highest or lowest point of the wave.
Amplitude
distance between two successive identical parts.
Wavelength
Refers to the number of waves.
Frequency
Limit between variation.
Range
Scientist that discovered that the Earth was magnetic and theorized that electricity and magnetism are not the same.
William Gilbert
Unit of Magnetic Potential was named after him.
William Gilbert (Gb)
Made the electroscope.
Otto von Guerike
A scientific device that is used to detect the presence of an electric charge on a body
Electroscope
Developed Columb’s Law.
Charles Augustine De Columb
Defined the electrostatic force of attraction and repulsion.
Charles Augustine de Columb
SI unit for change was named after him.
Charles Augustine de Columb (Columb)
Accidentally discovered that ELECTRICITY could produce MAGNETISM while conducting an experiment in his lab.
Hans Christian Oersted
SI Unit for Magnetic Intensity was named after him.
Oersted
First to discover electromagnetic induction.
Joseph Henry
The production of an electrocurrent across a conductor moving through a magnetic field.
Electromagnetic Induction
SI Unit for Inductance was named after him.
Joseph Henry (H)
MAGNETIC field can produce an ELECTRIC FIELD was theorized by.
Michael Faraday
The ratio of electrostatic to electromagnetic unit is equal to the value of the speed of light, leading to the conjucture that the light is an EM Wave was theorized by
Wilhelm Eduard Weber
Described an electric charges and current act as a source of electric and magnetic field.
James Clerk Maxwell
How many maxwell equations are there:
4
Proved the existence of radio waves through using a coil.
Henry Hertz
Formulated the concept of photoelectric effect.
Albert Einstein
Was awarded a Nobel Prize in Physics.
Albert Einstein
