SCIENCE 2ND QUARTER LT Flashcards by Celyn Madriaga

A disturbance that moves through a medium when the medium’s particles cause neighboring particles to move.

Wave

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A wave that is a result of vibrations between electric and magnetic fields.

EM Wave

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Invisible force field created by the attraction and repulsion of electrical charges.

Electric Field

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It is an area around a magnet or something magnetic, in which it has a force to attract objects to itself.

Magnetic Field

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A changing electric field produces a magnetic field. A changing magnetic field is therefore produced around a vibrating charge is a theory by __

Oersted

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Created as a result of vibrations between an electric and magnetic field.

EM Wave

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A changing magnetic field with produce an electric field is a theory by __

Joseph Henry and Faraday

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They travel in a vacuum.

EM Wave

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They don’t need a medium to travel.

EM Wave

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Speed of EM Wave

3x10*8 m/s

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It is a range of all EM wave.

Electromagnetic Spectrum

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It is arranged in order of increasing wavelength and decreasing frequency.

Electromagnetic Spectrum

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These are the waves that allow us to listen to the radio.

Radio Waves

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They have long wavelengths and low frequencies.

Radio Waves

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They are used for broadcasting music, news and other information.

Radio Waves

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Frequency Range: Less than 3kHz and greater than 100km. Atmosphere.

Extremely Low Frequency (ELF)

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Frequency Range: 3-30 kHz and 10-100 km.

Very Low Frequency (VLF)

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Can be detected using a myriameter band.

Very Low Frequency (VLF)

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Used in military communications with submarine.

Very Low Frequency (VLF)

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Frequency Range: 30-300 kHz and 1m to 10km.

Low Frequency (LF)

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Used in long distance communications.

Low Frequency

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Frequency Range: 300kHz to 3MHz and 100m - 1km.

Medium Frequency

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used in Amplitude Modulation broadcasting and air traffic control.

Medium Frequency

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Frequency Range: 3-30 MHz and 10m to 100m.

High Frequency

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Used in international broadcasting stations.

High Frequency

Frequency Range: 30-300 MHz and 1m - 10m.

Very High Frequency

Digital audio broadcasting and mobile radio system.

Very High Frequency

Frequency Range: 300MHz - 3GHz and 10cm to 1m.

Ultra High Frequency

Used in TV broadcasting, GPS, WIFI and bluetooth.

Ultra High Frequency

Have shorter wavelengths and higher frequencies than radio waves.

Microwaves

They are used in microwave ovens to cook and heat food.

Microwaves

They are also used for communication, such as cell phones and WI-FI.

Microwaves

Frequency is 300MHz to 300GHz.

Microwaves

Sometimes called "heat radiation" because we feel it as warmth.

Infrared Radiation

Used in devices like TV remote controls and thermal cameras.

Infared Radiation

Type of EM Radiation that allows us to see the world around us.

Visible Light

Patters of dark lines and colors.

Visible Light

Has shorter wavelengths and higher frequencies than visible light.

Ultraviolet Radiation

It comes from the sun and is responsible for causing sunburns.

Ultraviolet Radiation

most harmful UV Ray.

UVC

Have shorter wavelengths and higher frequencies than UV radiation.

X-Radiation

They can pass through our bodies and are used in medical imaging, like X-ray machines, to see our bones and organs.

X-Radiation

have the shortest wavelengths and highest frequencies of all the radiations

Gamma Rays

They are produced during nuclear reactions and can be very harmful. Scientists use this to treat cancer.

Gamma Rays

Naturally produced by pulsars, supernova explosions, neutron stars, and also by the decay of some radioactive elements.

Gamma Rays

Cannot penetrate the cells of organism

Radio, Micro, Infra and Visible Light.

Has a photochemical reaction: sunburn, thermal heating of surface.

Radio, Micro, Infra, Visible

Can penetrate the cells of an organism.

Ultraviolet, X-Ray, Gamma.

Biological damage

Ultraviolet, X-Ray, Gamma.

Affect fast growing cells like hair and skin. Also kills cells.

Ultraviolet, X-Ray, Gamma.

High amount of radiation exposure but in a short period of time.

Acute Exposure

Used in treating cancer. *exposure

Acute Exposure

Exposed in to small amount of radiation but in a long period of time.

Chronic Exposure

Curie (Ci) or Bq (Becquerel) is used for identifying/symbolizing

Radioactivity

C/kg (Coulumb per kilogram) or R (Roentgent) is used for identifying/symbolizing

Amount of radiation in the air or Radiation exposure

Rad (Radiation absorbed dose) or Gy (Gray) is used to identify/symbolize

Absorbed Doses

Rem (Roentgen equivalent man) or Sv (siervet) is used to identify/symbolize

Dose Equivalent Mirror

Curves inward with the reflective surface facing inward, creating a hollow shape.

Concave Mirror

The reflective surface is on the inner side, facing towards the center of the curvature.

Concave Mirror

Have a real focal point where parallel rays of light converge after reflecting off the mirror.

Concave Mirror

Can form both real and virtual images depending on the object's position relative to the focal point.

Concave Mirror

Can produce both magnified and diminished images.

Concave Mirror

Curves outwards with the reflective surface facing outwards, creating a bulging shape.

Convex Mirror

The surface of this mirror is on the outer side, facing away from the center of the curvature.

Convex Mirror

Has a virtual focal point.

Convex Mirrors

Can produce diminished images, making objects appear smaller than they are in reality.

Convex Mirrors

Used as a safety mirror in traffic.

Convex Mirrors

"Converging" Light rays converge at one point after they strike and are reflected from the surface.

Concave Mirrors

Produce real and virtual images.

Concave Mirrors

Method used to predict the characteristics of image formed in curved mirrors.

Ray Diagrams

Light ray passing through or directed towards the center of curvature retraces its path after reflection.

Images formed by a curved mirror.

Light rays passing through or directed towards the focus is reflected as a ray parallel to the x-axis.

Images formed by a curved mirror.

Light rays parallel to the principal axis passes through or diverge from focus after reflection

Images formed by a curved mirror.

"Diverging" Light rays diverge after they strike the mirror.

Convex Mirrors

A piece of clear plastic or glass with a curved surface.

Lens

Light refracts most at the outer surface, while no refraction occurs in the middle.

Lens

Light rays will either converge or diverge behind the ___.

Lens

Type of lens that is thicker at the center.

Converging Lens/Convex Lens

It converges the light rays towards the focus.

Converging Lens/Convex Lens

Lens that is thicker at the edges

Diverging Lens/Concave Lens

The light rays will diverge as they come through the lens.

Diverging/ConcaveLens

Highest point in the wave.

Crest

Lowest point of the wave.

Trough

distance from the midpoint to the highest or lowest point of the wave.

Amplitude

distance between two successive identical parts.

Wavelength

Refers to the number of waves.

Frequency

Limit between variation.

Range

Scientist that discovered that the Earth was magnetic and theorized that electricity and magnetism are not the same.

William Gilbert

Unit of Magnetic Potential was named after him.

William Gilbert (Gb)

Made the electroscope.

Otto von Guerike

A scientific device that is used to detect the presence of an electric charge on a body

Electroscope

Developed Columb's Law.

Charles Augustine De Columb

Defined the electrostatic force of attraction and repulsion.

Charles Augustine de Columb

SI unit for change was named after him.

Charles Augustine de Columb (Columb)

Accidentally discovered that ELECTRICITY could produce MAGNETISM while conducting an experiment in his lab.

Hans Christian Oersted

SI Unit for Magnetic Intensity was named after him.

Oersted

First to discover electromagnetic induction.

Joseph Henry

The production of an electrocurrent across a conductor moving through a magnetic field.

Electromagnetic Induction

SI Unit for Inductance was named after him.

Joseph Henry (H)

MAGNETIC field can produce an ELECTRIC FIELD was theorized by.

Michael Faraday

The ratio of electrostatic to electromagnetic unit is equal to the value of the speed of light, leading to the conjucture that the light is an EM Wave was theorized by

Wilhelm Eduard Weber

Described an electric charges and current act as a source of electric and magnetic field.

James Clerk Maxwell

How many maxwell equations are there:

Proved the existence of radio waves through using a coil.

Henry Hertz

Formulated the concept of photoelectric effect.

Albert Einstein

Was awarded a Nobel Prize in Physics.

Albert Einstein