SCIENCE - 2nd Grading Flashcards
What type of evidence uses fossils to identify an animal’s evolution
Fossil Records
What type of evidence uses the embryos to identify an animals evolution
Embryological Evidence
What type of evidence has two types and uses bone structure and functions to identify evolution
Structural Evidence
What type of Structural Evidence for evolution uses bone structure to identify an animals ancestry
Homologous Structure
What type of Structural Evidence for evolution uses function to identify an animals ancestry
Analogous Structure
What type of evidence uses genes to identify how closely related a species is another
Biochemical Evidence
What is the transfer of genetic material/alleles from one population to another
Gene Flow
What is the change in allele frequency due to chance causing loss of genetic diversity and has two different types
Genetic Drift
What type of Genetic Drift involves small groups break off from the larger population
Found Effect
What type of Genetic Drift effect is when the size of the population is reduced due to an event.
Bottleneck Effect
What do you call it when new alleles form through new variations that creates a new genetic variation needed for evolution
Mutation
What is it when animals have unique features which help with mating success and has two types
Sexual Selection
What type of Sexual Selection applies to males who display unique traits to attract females. One example being the birds of paradise
Intersexual Selections
What type of Sexual Selection applies when animals compete to win over a female. One example being stag beetles
Intrasexual Selection
What is the process of a population of a species become so distinct from the original species and becoming a new species
Speciation
What do you call to change in a population of organisms over a long period of time
Evolution
Which scientist believe that a population of animals grows because of food availability
Thomas Robert Malthus
Which scientist grouped animals and plants based according to their similar characteristics
Carolus Linnaeus
What theory was proposed by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck wherein an animals acquired traits during its lifetime can be passed to its offspring.
Theory of Inheritance of Acquired Traits
What theory was proposed by Georges Cuvier wherein a catastrophic event altered the way life developed
Theory of Catastrophism
What theory was proposed by Charles Darwin which states that members of a species will over time adapt to their environment
Theory of Natural Selection
What major theory of natural selection states that members of a species will have natural variations in their genes due to sexual reproduction.
Variation
What are the two types of Adaptation
Structural and Behavioral Adaptation
organisms that are better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring
Natural Selection
What do you call it when only the ones who can adapt will survive and failure to change will lead to extinction
Survival of the Fittest
Helps in separating a double stranded DNA into single strands
Helicase or RNA polymerase
Nucleotide bases with two pairings/rings
Purines
The first step in DNA replication
Unwinding/Unzipping of DNA strands with the help of Helicase allowing each strand to be copied.
The 2nd step of DNA replication
Complimentary Base Pairing
The pairing of purines
What is the pair of Guanine
Cytosine
What is the pair of Adenine in RNA
Uracil
What is the pair of Thymine
Adenine
An enzyme that synthesizes small pieces of RNA called primers
Primase
Creates new copies of DNA in the form of nucleic acid molecules during Complimentary Base Pairing
DNA Polymerase
Repairs damaged DNA and acts as a proofreader during the DNA replication fork progression
Exonuclease
An enzyme that acts like a glue which binds the newly made strands together
DNA Ligase
The process by which genetic information in DNA is transferred to an RNA molecule
Transcription
chromosomal abnormality (trisomy 13) which causes cleft lip, low set ears, clenched hands
Patau Syndrome
chromosomal abnormality (trisomy 21) delayed mental development, flattened face, and almond shaped eyes that slant up
Down Syndrome
Syndrome wherein a female displays male characteristics
Turner Syndrome
Syndrome wherein a male displays female characteristics
Klinefelter Syndrome
A disease caused by inversion which causes blood having the inability to clot causing nosebleeds, bruises, and heavy menstruation.
Hemophilia
A disease caused by deletion causing the eye to look similar to that of a feline
Cats eye syndrome
A disease caused by insertion which causes the brain to gradually break down and loss of coordination
Huntington’s Disease
A type of gland which lacks a duct
Endocrine Gland
A type of gland which has a duct
Exocrine Gland
A feedback mechanism wherein the response amplifies the changes.
Positive Feedback
A feedback mechanism wherein the changes are reversed instead of amplified
Negative Feedback
Sex hormone which develops male secondary sex characteristics
Testosterone
Sex hormone which develops and maintains female secondary sex hormones and stimulates egg development
Estrogen and Progesterone
How long does the menstrual cycle last
28 days
Hormone that stimulates the secretion of male sex hormones
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Hormone that stimulates production of sperm in the seminiferous tubes tubules
Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
The first ever discharge of the blood from the vagina
Menarche
The cycle in which the ovaries prepare the female body each month for possible pregnancy which has two distinct phases
The Ovarian Cycle
What happens during the Follicular phase of the Ovarian Cycle
In the ovary an egg cell is enclosed inside a follicle. The follicle nourishes it until its mature. The ovum bursts from the follicle and is released into the fallopian tube where it waits to be fertilized.
What do you call the process of the ovum bursting out of the follicle and being released into the fallopian tube
Ovulation
What happens during the Luteal phase of the Ovarian Cycle
the follicle that bursts turns into a corpus luteum which secrets progesterone and estrogen causing the lining of the uterus to thicken.
A sexual disease wherein the private parts produces pus and pain during urination
Gonorrhea
A sexual disease which causes painless sores to appear
Syphilis
A sexual disease with no known cure which causes the degradation of the immune system causing weight loss and diarrhea
AIDS
itchy, painful, and blister like eruptions around the genital area that occurs 10 days after 🍆 🍩
Genital Herpes
