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TEAS TEST > Science > Flashcards

Science Flashcards

0
Q

Epithelial tissue function

A 
Provide covering (skin tissue)
Produce secretion (glandular tissue)
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1
Q

Hierarchy of the human body structure

A 
Atom
Molecules
Cells 
Tissue 
Organ 
Organ system 
Organism
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2
Q

Connective tissue

A

Connect different structures of the body

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3
Q

Muscle tissue

A

Produce movement

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4
Q

3 types of muscle tissue

A

Skeletal (voluntarily)
Smooth (involuntarily)
Cardinal (involuntarily) found only in heart

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5
Q

Nervous tissue

A

Provides structure for the brain,spinal cord and nerves

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6
Q

Adaptation

A

Receive,interpret,and respond to internal and external stimuli(thing) through nervous system

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7
Q

Circulation

A

Transport oxygen and other nutrients to tissues though cardiovascular system

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8
Q

Elimination

A

Remove metabolic waste from the body through renal system

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9
Q

Locomotion

A

Allow voluntary or involuntary movement of the body through muscular or nervous system

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10
Q

Nutrition

A

Take in and break down nutrients for metabolism though digestive system

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11
Q

Oxygenation

A

Take in oxygen and take out carbon dioxide through respiratory system

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12
Q

Regulation

A

Hormonal control of body function through endocrine system

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13
Q

Self duplication

A

Production of offspring through reproductive system

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14
Q

Cells in body human body? Eukaryotic or prokayotic? What is it surrounded by

A

Eukaryotic and it’s surround by membrane

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15
Q

Organelles membrane are semipermeable

True or false

A

True

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16
Q

What system surrounds the entire body and protect it from the environmental stimuli and pathogens

A

Integumentary system

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17
Q

How does human respond to environmental changes

A

Voluntarily (walk way)

Involuntarily (pain)

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18
Q

Muscular system function

A

Movement
Moves the bones in the skeletal system
Movement is Voluntarily

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19
Q

What system transports nutrients to other parts of the body

A

Cardiovascular system

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20
Q

What system releases hormones that signal when and how much to grow

A

Endocrine system

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21
Q

What is metabolism? What system plays major role and why

A

The use of energy by cells due to chemical reactions within cells

Digestive system and respiratory system
Because they supply nutrients and oxygen needed for metabolism

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22
Q

What is circulatory system or cardiovascular system? Major organs

A

Transportation high way for the entire body

Heart,blood,and blood vessels

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23
Q

What does heat do

A

Contact and pumps blood throughout the body

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24
Q

What are artery, veins and capillaries

A

Arteries are blood vessels that transport blood away from the heart to capillaries

Veins tranaport blood from the capillaries back to the heart

Capillaries are tiny blood vessels that transport blood from Arteries to veins

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25
Q

What else is capillaries function

A

It’s the location of nutrients and gas exchange

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26
Q

What does heart consist of? Chambers?

A

Heart is consist of four Chambers:

Right and left atriums
Right and left ventricles

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27
Q

Other than Chambers, what else is the the consist of

A

Four valves

Tricuspid and pulmonary on the right side of the heart

Mitral and aortic on the left side of the heart

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28
Q

What is the function of the valves

A

So that the blood doesn’t flow back into the heart’s chamber after a contraction

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29
Q

The flow of blood through the heart

A

Deoxegenated blood enter the heart through superior and inferior vena cave

The blood travels into the right atrium

During the contraction of the right atrium the blood flows through Tricuspid valve into right ventricle

When the right ventricle contracts, The blood is then pushed through the pulmonary valve into pulmonary artery and lungs. THE BLOOD PICKS UP O2

The oxygenated blood is carried back into the heart by pulmonary veins into the left atrium, through Mitral valve, and into the left ventricle

Contraction of left ventricle forces blood through the aortic valve, through aorta and out to the entire body

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30
Q

Function of respiratory system

A

Air exchange

breathing in oxygen and breathing out carbon dioxide

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31
Q

Process of respiratory system

A

Inhale air through nose into Trachea and passing into right and left bronchial tubes

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32
Q

What is cilia? What system has it

A

Respiratory system

It keeps the airway clean by removing unwanted matters from the lungs

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33
Q

Role of red blood cell

A

Transport oxygen into the bloodstream

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34
Q

What is inspiration and expiration?

A

Inspiration: taking in oxygen air

Expiration: carbon dioxide force out of the body

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35
Q

What is diaphragms

A

Abdominal muscle.

When a diaphragm contracts (shrink),the chest cavity enlarges, creating negative pressure in the chest cavity and pulling air into the lungs

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36
Q

What type of 2 sytems does nervous system have

A

Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

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37
Q

Parts of central nervous system

A

Brain and spinal cord

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38
Q

What are the parts of peripheral nervous system

A

Cranial and spinal nerves

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39
Q

What are peripheral Nervous sytem divided into?

A

Autonomic nervous system: automatic body function- heartbeat, digestion

Sensory-somatic nervous system: controls voluntary actions like talking and walking

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40
Q

Two types of Autonomic nervous system

A

Sympathetic nerves: when person is excited or scared

Parasympathetic nerves: when a person is eating or at rest

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41
Q

What are dendrites

A

Receive stimuli from internal and external environment

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42
Q

What is neuron

A

Cells that make up nervous sytem and Transmit messages

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43
Q

Relationship between neurons and dendrites

A

Dendrites receive stimuli and bring those to the neurons for interpretation

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44
Q

What is a reflex?

A

A response to react, when neurons transmit message to the spinal cord before it is transmitted to the Brain

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45
Q

Digestive system organs and accessories

A

Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine or colon, anus

Accessories are teeth, salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder

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46
Q

What is peristalsis

A

Contractions that occur in the stomach and intestines, which moves food from the stomach toward the anus

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47
Q

What is microville

A

Increase surface area within small intestine for facilitated absorption

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48
Q

Function of immune system

A

Cells,tissues, and organs fight off illness and diseases

Protect the body from pathogens

49
Q

What are Innate and adaptive defenses

A

Innate are nonspecific defense:
Cells and proteins that are always present and ready to mobilize and fight microbes at the site of infection.

Adapted are specific defenses
action against pathogens that are able to evade or overcome innate immune defenses

50
Q

What is phagocytosis

A

White cells engulfing the pathogens

Innate defence example
also chemotaxis

51
Q

What is interferon

A

Body’s response to viral infection and prevent replication of the virus

52
Q

What is chemotaxis

A

Method of which white blood cells respond to damaged body tissues

53
Q

What is cytokines

A

Damaged tissue releases cytokines which attract white blood cells to the area of infection or injury

54
Q

What is diapedesis

A

Process of WBC sqeezing through capillaries (in response to cytokines), to the site of damage or infection

55
Q

Adaptive responses

A

Antibodies produced for invading antigens

56
Q

2 types of adaptive responses

A

Active immunity and passive immunity

57
Q

Active immunity example

A

Vaccine to produce antibodies with the body for future protection

58
Q

Passive immunity example

A

Does not produce its own antibodies, receive from their source

Mother to child: breastfeeding

59
Q

Mild to moderate fever benefits

A

Warm body fever kills more pathogens and increases the activity of white blood cell

60
Q

What is DNA and it’s function

A

DNA is stores genetic information

61
Q

What is RNA and its function

A

Messengers within the cells

62
Q

How is protein made

A

Messages stored in the bases of DNA must be transferred to the ribosomes

63
Q

What is the process of transcription

A

Cells copy the instructions in DNA into RNA and sends the messenger RNA to the ribosome

64
Q

What is process of translation

A

After transcription, proteins are made by ribosome from the infos and sent out to the entire cell

65
Q

Protein production from mRNA is called

A

Translation

66
Q

Description of cell wall

A

Helps to separate inside and outside of the cell

They are semipermeable

67
Q

Inner layer of cell

A

Cytoplasm

68
Q

Manufacture proteins for the cell from the RNA messages

A

Ribosome

69
Q

Cellular movement;transfer info between two cells

A

Flagella

70
Q

Organelles of prokayotic cell

A

Cell wall, ribosome, nucleotide, plasmids

71
Q

Envelops the cell, is semipermeable

Controls what goes in and out of the cell

A

Plasma membrane

72
Q

Transport materials/network within the cell

Secretion: moving proteins from one part of the cell to another, and outside of the cell

A

Endoplasmic reticulum

73
Q

What are two types of ER

A

Rough and smooth

74
Q

Differences between rough and smooth ER

A

Rough is attached to ribosome

Smooth is not attach to ribosome
Synthesize Lipids and carbohydrates

75
Q

Modification and packaging of newly synthesized proteins

A

Rough ER

76
Q

Involved in transportation and packaging of proteins in the cell or to other parts of the cell

Works with ER

A

The golgi apparatus

77
Q

3 Types of vesicles and their function

A

Vacuole: storage of cell
Lysosome:have digestive enzymes, cleans cells
Perixisome: rid the body of toxic components

78
Q

Powerhouse of the cell, where atp is produced

A

Mitochondria

79
Q

Forms mitotic spindles that help separate and organize the chromosomes

A

Microtubules

80
Q

What helps to form mitotic spindle

A

Centrisomes

81
Q

Difference between nucleus and nucleolus

A

Nucleus is large Organelle

Nucleulos is a small within the nucleus

82
Q

What are eukaryotic Organelles

A 
ER
Golgi apparatus 
Ribosome
Plasma membrane
Vesicles: Vacuole, Lysosome, peroxisome
Mitochondria 
Microtubules:centrosome 
Nucleus 
Nucleulos
Flagella/cilia
83
Q

Plant Organelles

A

Same features of eukaryotic
Additional are

Chloroplasts
Chlorophyll

84
Q

This Organelle contains chlorophyll

A

Chloroplasts

85
Q

What is function of chlorophyll?

A

Allow the capture of sunlight to be used for production of glucose during photosynthesis

86
Q

mitosis definition

A

Cell duplication where two daughter cells have the same nuclear material as original

87
Q

Three steps in interphase

A

G1
S stage
G2

88
Q

In what stage does the transcription of DNA into RNA occur

A

G1 stage when the cell’s DNA is available.

89
Q

What happens in G1

A

The double helix unwinds. Expose the bases

RNA base with their complimentary bases on DNA to form mRNA strand

Once the entire gene is copied into the mRNA strand, the DNA double helix closes

mRNA exists the nucleus with the information to he ribosome

90
Q

What happens in the S stage

A

DNA double helix unwinds

Break the hydrogen bonds between the bases pairs (separates the bases) with the help of enzyme

Exposed bases pair with new complimentary bases

New complementary stands are synthesized with the help of DNA polymerase

Thus, two new strand of identical DNA form (one strand is the original strand)

91
Q

What occurs in G2

A

Continued protein synthesis and cell growth for cell division

92
Q

The cells have to double their DNA in order to pass one complete copy to each daughter cell

A

Mitosis

93
Q

Purpose of meiosis and what’s the end product

A

Halve the number of chromosomes

The original diploid cell will undergo two divisions to create four haploid cells

94
Q

Separates two sets of chromosomes into different cells

A

Cytokinesis

95
Q

Meiosis I result

A

2 haploid daughter cells

96
Q

Result of meiosis II (after Cytokinesis)

A

Four haploid cells

97
Q

Sunlight is trapped by the green pigment called

A

Chlorophyll

98
Q

Organisms are able to carry out photosynthesis due to what? And why

A

Chloroplasts
Because it allows an autograph to use sunlight to produce glucose

In Chloroplasts co2, h2o and energy from sun are used to produce ATP

99
Q

During cellular respiration, glucose is broken down by the process called

A

Glycolysis

100
Q

Each code is composed of 3 bases. What is the code called

A

A codon

101
Q

How many codons are there? And why

A

There are 64 codons because 64 different 3-letter combo can be formed from A,T,C and G

102
Q

Each codon matches with specific

A

Amino acid. There are 20 amino acids

103
Q

Chain of amino acids forms

A

A protein

104
Q

What is responsible for the genetic traits

A

Proteins

105
Q

Short to long wavelength

A 
Gamma ray 
Xray 
Ultraviolet
Visible
Infrared
Microwave
Radio waves
106
Q

Visible part of the spectrum

A 
Red
Orange
Yellow
Green
Blue
Indigo
Violet
107
Q

Energy associated with an object’s motion

A

Kinetic energy or energy of motion

108
Q

What happens to the kinetic energy if the velocity increases

A

KE increases as well

109
Q

Kinetic energy formula

A

KE= 1/2 mv^2

110
Q

Amount of stored energy is called

A

Potential energy

111
Q

Potential energy formula

A

PE= mgh

112
Q

What does the law of conservation say?

A

Energy is not lost but transferred back and forth between KE and PE

113
Q

How to determine the mass of an element

A

Add the number of protons and neutrons

114
Q

What are isotopes

A

Same number of protons but different number of neutrons

115
Q

How are rows (preriod) in periodic table organized?

A

According to increasing number of orbital shells

116
Q

What direction is Electrons added to outer energy shell, one at a time

A

Left to right across a period

117
Q

The atomic radius decreases as you go? Why

A

Left to right across a period because of increase in number of protons

118
Q

Number of electrons and filled electron shells increase but valence electrons stays the same when

A

Move down the group

119
Q

Ionization energy decreases and atomic radius increase when you go________

A

Down the group in periodic table

120
Q

Ionization energy increases and atomic radius decreases when you move________

A

Left to right across the period

121
Q

Electronegativity decreases as________

A

As the atomic number increases

TEAS TEST (2 decks)

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