Science 2024 final

Question 1

Theory of Evolution

Answer 1

organisms change over time to best suit their environment

Question 2

species

Answer 2

can reproduce with each other, and they look alike

Question 3

extinct

Answer 3

(within the family) no more living members.

Question 4

adaptations

Answer 4

physical traits that allow organisms to survive in specific environments

Question 5

mutations

Answer 5

can change their adaptations

Question 6

DNA

Answer 6

self-replicating material that is present in almost all organisms

Question 7

benificial

Answer 7

for the better/ resulting in good

Question 8

detrimental

Answer 8

tending to cause bad/harm

Question 9

fossils

Answer 9

the bone remains of a prehistoric organism

Question 10

body fossils

Answer 10

parts of organism bodies (skin, bones, teeth, leaves, bark, wood)

Question 11

trace fossils

Answer 11

a fossils footprint, trail, bodily liquids, burrow, or something left by the organism that isn’t the organism itself

Question 12

the fossil record

Answer 12

the history of life as documented by fossils

Question 13

homologous structures

Answer 13

bones that are very similar in different species

Question 14

homo habilis

Answer 14

“handy man” he was the first to create tools from stones and sticks

Question 15

homo erectus

Answer 15

first of its kind to stand up straight, and the first to leave africa. they built rafts, fished, wove baskets, and they also mated with neandrithals.

Question 16

homo neandrithals

Answer 16

they were thick and muscular, used specialized tools to hunt, AND controlled fire.

Question 17

Charles Darwin

Answer 17

naturalist and architect to was on the HMS Beagle and discovered the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection while there.

Question 18

naturalist

Answer 18

master of natural history

Question 19

HMS Beagle

Answer 19

a ship that cruised the coast of South America for 4 years.

Question 20

Galapagos islands

Answer 20

the island that the The theory of Evolution was founded by Darwin, which is known for its huge tortoises.

Question 21

The Theory of Natural Selection

Answer 21

heritable traits that help organisms survive and reproduce become more common in a population over time.

Question 22

The Origin of the
Species

Answer 22

a book, written by Charles Darwin, which explains that populations evolve over a long period of time, and they become more common as a species.

Question 23

Jean Lamark

Answer 23

he was a French naturalist who created The Theory of Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics.

Question 24

Survival of the
Fittest

Answer 24

this States that the organisms with the best genetics will live, and the rest die.

Question 25

Anthropology

Answer 25

This is the study of humans and their evolution.

Question 26

Sahelanthropus

Answer 26

small brain, ape like, lived in trees

Question 27

chimpanzees

Answer 27

small brain, ape like, has opposable thumbs, “great ape”, lived in trees.

Question 28

Australopithecine

Answer 28

small brain, more human-like features walked upright, lived in trees.

Question 29

homo habilis

Answer 29

“handy man” made tools, rafts, wove, used more complex stone and stick tools.

Question 30

Homo erectus

Answer 30

walked upright, larger brain, longest living human species, first to live outside of africa, made and used hammers, knives, ect.

Question 31

Homo neanderthalis

Answer 31

larger brain, human movements, walked upright, traveled a lot, made cutting tools to skin and kill animals for meat and clothing. mated with other humans, very muscular.

Question 32

Homo sapiens

Answer 32

larger brain, walked upright, traveled a lot, made baskets and rafts, mated with neandrathols,

Question 33

cro-magnum man

Answer 33

larger brain, lived in france, lived in comuntities, used chisels, shaping tools, made a language, most human-like

Question 34

What is the difference between a living,
nonliving, and dead organisms?

Answer 34

living- is currently alive
nonliving- never lived
dead organisms- used to be alive, but are now dead

Question 35

What characteristics define a living organism?

Answer 35

reproduction, growth, using energy, adaptation,

Question 36

What resources must organisms have to survive?

Answer 36

sunlight, habitat, water, air, food

Question 37

What contributions did Robert Hooke make to the
discovery of the cell?

Answer 37

when he studied the fungus on a cork he help contribute to the cell theory

Question 38

What is the Cell Theory?

Answer 38

all the plants and animals are composed of cells and the cell is the basic unit of life.

Question 39

What organelles are only present in plant cells?

Answer 39

chloroplast, cell wall and a vacuole

Question 40

How do the shapes of plant and animal cells
differ?

Answer 40

A plant cell has a square or rectangular shape while the animal cells have an irregular or round shape.