science 2 Flashcards by Hallie Cone

what does DNA stand for

deoxgribo, nucleic, acid

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what is a nucliotide

the fundemental of DNA

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what does A go to

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What does G go to

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name the parts of the double helix

backbone, strand, nucleotiode, basepair

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where is the sugar

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where is the phosphate

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what is the Chargraff’s rule

a goes to t
g goes to c

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sugars can only bond to — or —

phosphate or nitrogen base

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a phosphate can only bind to a —

sugar

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a nitrogen base can only bind with a — or —

sugar or another nitrogen base

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label the parts

top part: “P arm” - telomere
middle: centromere
bottom: “Q arm” - telomere

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what are chromosomes

tightest packed DNA
easy to locate info
easy to move
X’s or bowling pins

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what is a Chromatin

unpacked DNA
very messy, hard to work with
easy to access info

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What is the GI stage

cell preforms in function

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what is the S stage

“synthesis” when the dna duplicates

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what is the G2 stage

proof reading “editor”

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What is the G2/M checkpoint

chooses between M phase and apoptosis

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what is the M phase

“mitoses” cell splits

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what is Apoptosis

cell death

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what is the Go phase

cellular retirement “senescencell

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what are the two ways to leave a cell

cell death and Go

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explain this chart

look back on previous flashcards

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what does A stand for

Adenine

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What does G stand for

Guanine

what does T stand for

what does C stand for

cytosine

what is the small part of the backbone called

minor groove

what is the large part of the backbone called

the major groove

what do you wrap the double helix around twice

histones

what are histones wrapped in DNA called

nucleosomes

what are tightly packed nucleosomes called

coils

what are tightly packed coils called

chromosomes

what are chromosomes

tightly packed DNA

what does telo mean

end

what regulates the checkpoint

P53

what will you never find in a plant cell

celtrioles

what is one half of a duplicated chromosome called

chromatid

what is a gamete

a sex cell (eggs/sperm)

what is a somatic cell

body cells

what is a prokaryotic

does not have a nucleus

what is a eukaryotic

has a nucleus

what is hapliod

number of unique pairs of chromosomes

what is a diploid

number of individual chromosomes

female

male

trisomy at 23rd cell

klinefelters (boys)

monsomy

(1x but no y) turners; girls

what does the 23rd cell determine

gender

what are the first 22 chromosomes called

autosomes

what does it mean if you have a trisomy at hte 23rd cell

downsyndrome

what is the purpose of a histone

it keeps the DNA from getting tangled and damaged

explain prophase

nucleus disapears chromatin turns into chromosomes centrioles move to the end of cell

explain metaphase

chromosomes line up in the center of the cell spindle fibers attach to centromeres of chromosomes

explain anaphase

sister chromatids seperate spindle fibers pull new chromosomes towards centrioles

explain telophase

cytoplasm pinches together nucleus reforms chromosomes uncondence new daughter cells move away

what is interphase

everything doubles

plant mitoses

no spindle fibers cytoplasm doesn't pinch cell plate no centrioles

animal mitoses

centrioles cytoplasm pinches no cell plate

what phase is this

prophase

what phase it this

metaphase

what phase is this

anaphase

what phase is this

telophase

what is the point of mitoses

for growth and repleneshing old cells

what is transcription

DNA to RNA`

what is translation

RNA to protien

what is the role of DNA

have intructions

how is RNA used

to make protien

how is RNA created

with a DNA template

compare and contrast RNA and DNA

RNA has urical and DNA has thymine

mRNA purpose

to carry the codons

tRNA purpose

to carry the anticodons

codons

A, T, C, G

Anticodons

A, U, C, G

what is polypeptide

a string of amino acids

Rosalind Franklin

took photo 51

Watson and Crick

discovered structure of DNA

Hershey and Chase

proved DNA was a genetic material

three main parts of the brain

cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem

cerebrum

higher level thinking

cerebellum

balance

brain stem

breathing, blood pressure, heart rate

frontal lobe

logic, thinking

temporal lobe

memory, speech, hearing

occipital lobe

visual proccesing

sensory motor cortex

specialized area for senses

parietal lobe

movement, response to stimuli

point out the different parts of the brain