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7th Grade School-all subjects > science 2 > Flashcards

science 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what does DNA stand for

A

deoxgribo, nucleic, acid

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2
Q

what is a nucliotide

A

the fundemental of DNA

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3
Q

what does A go to

A

T

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4
Q

What does G go to

A

C

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5
Q

name the parts of the double helix

A

backbone, strand, nucleotiode, basepair

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6
Q

where is the sugar

A
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7
Q

where is the phosphate

A
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8
Q

what is the Chargraff’s rule

A

a goes to t
g goes to c

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9
Q

sugars can only bond to — or —

A

phosphate or nitrogen base

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10
Q

a phosphate can only bind to a —

A

sugar

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11
Q

a nitrogen base can only bind with a — or —

A

sugar or another nitrogen base

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12
Q

label the parts

A

top part: “P arm” - telomere
middle: centromere
bottom: “Q arm” - telomere

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13
Q

what are chromosomes

A

tightest packed DNA
easy to locate info
easy to move
X’s or bowling pins

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14
Q

what is a Chromatin

A

unpacked DNA
very messy, hard to work with
easy to access info

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15
Q

What is the GI stage

A

cell preforms in function

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16
Q

what is the S stage

A

“synthesis” when the dna duplicates

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17
Q

what is the G2 stage

A

proof reading “editor”

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18
Q

What is the G2/M checkpoint

A

chooses between M phase and apoptosis

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19
Q

what is the M phase

A

“mitoses” cell splits

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20
Q

what is Apoptosis

A

cell death

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21
Q

w

what is the Go phase

A

cellular retirement “senescencell

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22
Q

what are the two ways to leave a cell

A

cell death and Go

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23
Q

explain this chart

A

look back on previous flashcards

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24
Q

w

what does A stand for

A

Adenine

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25
Q

What does G stand for

A

Guanine

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26
Q

what does T stand for

A

T

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27
Q

what does C stand for

A

cytosine

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28
Q

what is the small part of the backbone called

A

minor groove

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29
Q

what is the large part of the backbone called

A

the major groove

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30
Q

what do you wrap the double helix around twice

A

histones

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31
Q

what are histones wrapped in DNA called

A

nucleosomes

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32
Q

what are tightly packed nucleosomes called

A

coils

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33
Q

what are tightly packed coils called

A

chromosomes

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34
Q

what are chromosomes

A

tightly packed DNA

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35
Q

what does telo mean

A

end

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36
Q

what regulates the checkpoint

A

P53

37
Q

what will you never find in a plant cell

A

celtrioles

38
Q

what is one half of a duplicated chromosome called

A

chromatid

39
Q

what is a gamete

A

a sex cell (eggs/sperm)

40
Q

what is a somatic cell

A

body cells

41
Q

what is a prokaryotic

A

does not have a nucleus

42
Q

what is a eukaryotic

A

has a nucleus

43
Q

what is hapliod

A

number of unique pairs of chromosomes

44
Q

what is a diploid

A

number of individual chromosomes

45
Q

female

A

xx

46
Q

male

A

xy

47
Q

trisomy at 23rd cell

A

klinefelters (boys)

48
Q

monsomy

A

(1x but no y) turners; girls

49
Q

what does the 23rd cell determine

A

gender

50
Q

what are the first 22 chromosomes called

A

autosomes

51
Q

what does it mean if you have a trisomy at hte 23rd cell

A

downsyndrome

52
Q

what is the purpose of a histone

A

it keeps the DNA from getting tangled and damaged

53
Q

explain prophase

A

nucleus disapears
chromatin turns into chromosomes
centrioles move to the end of cell

54
Q

explain metaphase

A

chromosomes line up in the center of the cell
spindle fibers attach to centromeres of chromosomes

55
Q

explain anaphase

A

sister chromatids seperate
spindle fibers pull new chromosomes towards centrioles

56
Q

explain telophase

A

cytoplasm pinches together
nucleus reforms
chromosomes uncondence
new daughter cells move away

57
Q

what is interphase

A

everything doubles

58
Q

plant mitoses

A

no spindle fibers
cytoplasm doesn’t pinch
cell plate
no centrioles

59
Q

animal mitoses

A

centrioles
cytoplasm pinches
no cell plate

60
Q

what phase is this

A

prophase

61
Q

what phase it this

A

metaphase

62
Q

what phase is this

A

anaphase

63
Q

what phase is this

A

telophase

64
Q

what is the point of mitoses

A

for growth and repleneshing old cells

65
Q

what is transcription

A

DNA to RNA`

66
Q

what is translation

A

RNA to protien

67
Q

what is the role of DNA

A

have intructions

68
Q

how is RNA used

A

to make protien

69
Q

how is RNA created

A

with a DNA template

70
Q

compare and contrast RNA and DNA

A

RNA has urical and DNA has thymine

71
Q

mRNA purpose

A

to carry the codons

72
Q

tRNA purpose

A

to carry the anticodons

73
Q

codons

A

A, T, C, G

74
Q

Anticodons

A

A, U, C, G

75
Q

what is polypeptide

A

a string of amino acids

76
Q

Rosalind Franklin

A

took photo 51

77
Q

Watson and Crick

A

discovered structure of DNA

78
Q

Hershey and Chase

A

proved DNA was a genetic material

79
Q

three main parts of the brain

A

cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem

80
Q

cerebrum

A

higher level thinking

81
Q

cerebellum

A

balance

82
Q

brain stem

A

breathing, blood pressure, heart rate

83
Q

frontal lobe

A

logic, thinking

84
Q

temporal lobe

A

memory, speech, hearing

85
Q

occipital lobe

A

visual proccesing

86
Q

sensory motor cortex

A

specialized area for senses

87
Q

parietal lobe

A

movement, response to stimuli

88
Q

point out the different parts of the brain

A

7th Grade School-all subjects (12 decks)

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