Science Flashcards
The organized study of the composition and interaction of matter
Chemistry
Name of a substance composed of a single type of atom
Element
term of substances composed of more than one type of atom linked together
Compound
British Chemist and Christian, he proposed the atomic theory of matter
John Dalton
The foundation of the understanding of matter
Atomic theory of matter
Group of atoms linked together by chemical bonds to form a distinct unit
Molecules
what determines an element’s atomic number
The amount of protons and electrons in the nucleus
Extremely small particles that make up all matter
Atoms
What composes of an atom
Subatomic particles - Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons
What is the dense central core of an atom
Nucleus
What are atoms that are the same element but have a different amount of Neutrons
Isotope
An atom that has an electrical charge because of losing or gaining electrons
Ion
Two types of Ions
Anion -Negative
Cation -Positive
Layers in an atom that hold a certain number of electrons
electron shell
what is an atom’s outer shell that contains electrons called
valence shell
A russian chemist who developed the periodic law and periodic table
Dimitri Mendeleev
Typically hard, dense, and shiny solids that are good conductor for heat and electricity and have high melting points
metals
Typically poor conductors of heat and electricity
Nonmetals
Are all solids that have properties intermediate between metals and nonmetal
Semimetals
The most abundant alkaline earth metal
Compounds of Calcium
Main branches of Chemistry
Organic Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Analytical chemistry
A form of the mineral magnetite, was observed to have attractive properties as early as the time of Thales of Miletus, an example of a natural magn
Lodestone
An object capable of attracting materials such as iron or steel by magnetic force
Magnet
It states that unlike poles attract each other, but like poles repel each other
Law of magnetic Poles
A french engineer who wrote a letter to a friend describing his findings and theories regarding magnetism
Pierre Le Pélerin de Maricourt
A letter from Pierre de Maricourt describing his findings and theories regarding magnetism
Epistola de Magnete
The region surrounding a magnet in which other objects are affected by magnetism
Magnetic field
He extended his studies regarding electric charges to magnetic forces and drew many similarities between them
Charles De Coulomb
States that the force between two magnetic poles is directly related to the product of the pole strengths and inversely related to the square of the distance between the poles
Law of Magnetic Force
The extent to which a material can absorb or channel limes of magnetic flux
Permeability
A group of aligned atoms having a single magnetic field
Domain
Three types of magnetic Materials
Paramagnetic, Ferromagnetic, Diamagnetic or Electromagnetic
An american scientist invented the Van de Graaf Generator
Robert J. Van De Graaf
A navigational device consisting of a magnet free to swing horizontally so that it always points north
Magnetic Compass
He discovered that a compass points north because it is guided by Earth’s magnetic field
William Gilbert
The deviation that changes slightly depending on your location around the world
Angle of Declination
The phenomenon in which a compass constructed with a magnet that swings vertically instead of horizontally points in the angle at which the lines of flux enter the earth
Inclination/Magnetic Dip
The extent of a planet’s magnetic field in space
Magnetosphere
A french physicist who pioneered the study of electromagnetism
André Ampere
Special circuits to convert the AC and DC for use in electronics
Rectifiers
The flow of electrons or other charged particles from one place to another
Current Electricity
A german inventor built the first electrostatic generator
Otto Von Guerricke
A Dutch physics professor, one of the first scientists to discover that electric charges can be stored
Pieter Van Masschovek
He demonstrated that lightning is caused by static electricity
Benjamin Franklin
A device for protecting buildings and other structure from lightning strikes
Lightning Rod
