Science Flashcards
What is DNA?
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the molecule that carries the genetic instructions for life.
What is genetic profiling?
Genetic profiling is a technique used to identify an individual’s unique DNA characteristics.
True or False: A genotype refers to the observable characteristics of an organism.
False. A genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an organism.
Fill in the blank: The physical expression of a genotype is called _______.
phenotype.
What is a chromosome?
A chromosome is a long strand of DNA wrapped around proteins, containing many genes.
How many pairs of chromosomes do humans typically have?
Humans typically have 23 pairs of chromosomes.
What is the difference between dominant and recessive alleles?
Dominant alleles express their traits even when only one copy is present, while recessive alleles require two copies to express their traits.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a method of genetic modification? A) CRISPR B) Natural Selection C) Mutation D) All of the above
A) CRISPR.
True or False: Genetic modification can be used to enhance crop resistance to pests.
True.
What is a phenotype?
A phenotype is the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.
Fill in the blank: The study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics is called _______.
genetics.
What is a gene?
A gene is a segment of DNA that contains the instructions for building a specific protein.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a component of DNA? A) Adenine B) Uracil C) Cytosine D) Thymine
B) Uracil.
What does it mean for an allele to be homozygous?
An allele is homozygous when an individual has two identical copies of that allele.
What is heterozygous?
Heterozygous refers to having two different alleles for a specific gene.
True or False: Genetic profiling can be used in forensic science.
True.
What role does the Environment play in determining an organism’s phenotype?
The environment can influence the expression of genes, affecting an organism’s phenotype.
Fill in the blank: The process of creating a genetically modified organism (GMO) often involves the use of _______.
biotechnology.
What is a mutation?
A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in phenotype and may be inherited.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following techniques is used to analyze DNA? A) PCR B) Gel electrophoresis C) DNA sequencing D) All of the above
D) All of the above.
What is the function of messenger RNA (mRNA)?
mRNA serves as a template for protein synthesis by carrying genetic information from DNA to the ribosome.
True or False: Chromosomes are only found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
True.
What is a pedigree chart?
A pedigree chart is a diagram that shows the occurrence and appearance of phenotypes of a particular gene or organism from one generation to the next.
Fill in the blank: The genetic makeup of an organism is referred to as its _______.
genotype.
What is the purpose of genetic counseling?
Genetic counseling provides information and support to individuals at risk for genetic disorders.
