Science Flashcards
What is a genotype?
The genetic constitution of an individual organism.
True or False: A genotype can change throughout an individual’s life.
False
Fill in the blank: The genotype is made up of ______ inherited from both parents.
alleles
What are the two main types of genotypes?
Homozygous and heterozygous.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following represents a homozygous genotype?
AA or aa
What does heterozygous mean?
Having two different alleles for a particular gene.
True or False: The genotype is always expressed in the phenotype.
False
Fill in the blank: The observable traits of an organism are referred to as its ______.
phenotype
What is the relationship between genotype and phenotype?
Genotype determines the potential phenotype, but environmental factors can influence phenotype expression.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is an example of a genotype?
Bb
What is meant by the term ‘alleles’?
Different versions of a gene that may exist at a single locus.
True or False: Genotypes can be influenced by environmental factors.
False
What does it mean if a trait is described as dominant?
The trait will be expressed in the phenotype if at least one dominant allele is present.
Fill in the blank: A recessive allele will only be expressed in the phenotype when the genotype is ______.
homozygous recessive
What is a phenotype?
The physical expression or characteristics of a genotype.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following genotypes is heterozygous?
Aa
What is a test cross?
A cross between an individual with an unknown genotype and a homozygous recessive individual.
True or False: Genotype refers to an organism’s environment.
False
Fill in the blank: The specific location of a gene on a chromosome is called its ______.
locus
What is the importance of understanding genotype in genetics?
It helps predict inheritance patterns and understand genetic diseases.
What does ‘genetic variation’ refer to?
Differences in genotypes among individuals in a population.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following represents a phenotype?
Blue eyes
What is a carrier in genetics?
An individual who has one copy of a recessive allele but does not express the trait.
