Science Flashcards
What are disorders due to chromosomal abnormalities?
Disorders that occur due to numerical changes in chromosomes, leading to physical or mental abnormalities.
What is Down syndrome?
A disorder characterized by the presence of 47 chromosomes due to trisomy of the 21st chromosome.
Infants with Down syndrome have one extra chromosome in every cell, leading to mental retardation and a short lifespan of about 16-20 years.
What are the characteristics of Down syndrome?
Mental retardation, short height, short wide neck, flat nose, short fingers, scanty hair, and a single horizontal crease on the palm.
What is Turner syndrome?
A disorder arising from the inheritance of only one X chromosome or inactivation of the gender-related part of X-chromosomes, resulting in a 44+X condition.
Women with Turner syndrome are sterile due to improper growth of reproductive organs.
What is Klinefelter syndrome?
A disorder in men characterized by the presence of an extra X chromosome, resulting in a chromosomal condition of 44+XXY.
Men with Klinefelter syndrome are sexually sterile due to underdeveloped reproductive organs.
What is a mitochondrial disorder?
Mitochondrial disorders are caused by defects in mitochondrial DNA due to mutations. They are inherited from the mother only.
What is an example of a mitochondrial disorder?
Leber hereditary optic neuropathy is an example of a mitochondrial disorder.
What are polygenic disorders?
Polygenic disorders arise due to mutations in multiple genes and their severity can be influenced by environmental factors.
What are some common examples of polygenic disorders?
Common examples include cleft lip, cleft palate, constricted stomach, spina bifida, diabetes, blood pressure issues, heart disorders, asthma, and obesity.
Do polygenic disorders follow Mendel’s principles of heredity?
No, polygenic disorders do not strictly follow Mendel’s principles of heredity.
What is the relationship between tobacco addiction and cancer?
Tobacco consumption in any form can cause cancer and adversely affect digestion.
What are some harmful effects of smoking?
Harmful effects include chronic bronchitis, pericarditis, and various cancers (lungs, mouth, larynx, pharynx, pancreas, urinary bladder).
What chemicals in tobacco smoke contribute to cancer?
Tobacco smoke contains harmful chemicals like nicotine, pyridine, ammonia, aldehyde, carbon monoxide, and sulphur dioxide.
What happens to lung tissue due to tobacco smoke?
Tobacco smoke causes normal lung tissue to transform into thickened black tissue, which can lead to cancer.
What should one do to protect against cancer related to tobacco?
To protect against cancer, one must avoid smoking and consumption of tobacco products.
What is a suggested action against tobacco consumption?
Compose and present a street play against tobacco consumption and participate in a drive against tobacco.
