science Flashcards
Define the term ‘Allele’
An allele is a variant form of a gene
Define the term ‘Trait’
A trait is a characteristic or feature of an organism
Define the term ‘Gene’
A gene is a segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein or trait
Define the term ‘Recessive’
Recessive refers to an allele that is only expressed in the absence of a dominant allele
Define the term ‘Dominant’
Dominant refers to an allele that is expressed even in the presence of a recessive allele
Define the term ‘Heredity’
Heredity is the passing of traits from parents to offspring
Define the term ‘Homozygous’
Homozygous refers to having two identical alleles for a particular gene
Define the term ‘Heterozygous’
Heterozygous refers to having two different alleles for a particular gene
Define the term ‘Offspring’
Offspring are the descendants produced by reproduction
Define the term ‘Phenotype’
Phenotype is the observable physical characteristics of an organism
Define the term ‘Genotype’
the genes the offspring recieved
If a chicken’s DNA is composed of 26% guanine, what percentage will be cytosine?
26%
What is the relationship between a trait, a gene, and a chromosome?
A trait is determined by a gene, which is located on a chromosome
What is a mutation?
A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence of a gene
Describe the 3 types of mutations
- Substitution
- Insertion
- Deletion
Identify the 3 potential types of mutations
- Point mutations
- Frameshift mutations
- Chromosomal mutations
In dogs, the gene for fur color has two alleles. The dominant allele (F) codes for grey fur and the recessive allele (f) codes for black fur. The female dog is heterozygous. The male dog is homozygous recessive. If these two dogs reproduce, what percentage of their offspring will be grey?
50%
