science Flashcards
What is the other name of the Pacific Ring of Fire?
Circum-Pacific Belt
Volcano comes from the Italian word….
vulcano, which means “burning mountain,”
Driven by steam due to rapid heating beneath a volcano. Releases steam. They often precede or accompany another type of volcanic eruption.
Phreatic
Removes heat from the fluid in the Earth’s connection, concentrates it, then transfers it into a building.
Geothermal Heat Pumps
Where the heat of the Earth changes water into steam, then the steam turns a turbine.
Geothermal Power Plants
Underground passage magma travels through. It connects the magma chamber to the throat.
Conduit
How did a volcano form?
- Magma beneath the Earth’s surface causes pressure. The pressure causes cracks in the rocks.
- The magma reaches the surface.
- The magma ejects lava flow and ash deposits.
- Over time, it will cool down and solidify.
- It will continue to eject lava until it gets bigger and bigger.
The highest part of a volcano.
Summit
Other name for Cinder Cones
Scoria Cones
Fountains of either basaltic or andesitic lava. This eruption creates eruptive products such as scoria (hardened chunks of bubbly lava) and lava bombs
Strombolian
A vent, hill, or mountain that erupts, releasing molten rocks, rock fragments, and gaseous materials onto Earth’s surface.
Volcano
Comes from heat contained in fluids in rocks beneath the Earth.
Geothermal Energy
Molten rock beneath the Earth’s surface.
Magma
How do Geothermal Power Plants work?
- Hot water is pumped from underground. (Thermal energy)
- The steam from the hot waters turns a turbine. (Mechanical energy)
- The turbine turns the generator. (Mechanical energy)
- Electricity then goes to a grid. (Electrical energy)
Ranking of the Philippines in Geothermal Energy worldwide
3rd
These volcanoes have not had any eruption in the past 10 000 years and are expected not to erupt anymore in the future. These volcanoes have been intensively weathered and eroded.
Extinct
Bodies of magma that cut through and across the layering of adjacent rocks. Formed when magma goes through fractures and solidifies.
Dike
The entrance; part of a conduit that ejects lava and as
Throat
They have erupted at least once in the last past 10 000 years and are likely to erupt again.
Active
How do we obtain geothermal energy?
Drilling wells
Eruption that involves the outpouring of basaltic magma that is relatively low in viscosity and low in gas content.
Effusive
Molten rock that erupts from a volcano and solidifies as it cools.
Lava
The scientists and researchers are using the heat from supercritical water.
Volcanic geothermal energy
Formed when non-acidic basaltic lava flows of high viscosity producing broad sloping sides and shield-like structures. They are not very explosive and are among the largest volcanoes in the world. Dome shaped with a wide base.
Shield
Other name of Composite volcanoes
Stratovolcanoes
Formed when viscous andestic lava flows out of a vent for a very long time. They have acidic and sticky lava which allos the lava to solidify without travelling very far. Cone is symmetrical. Explosive eruptions.
Composite
The actual opening where the lava and ash come from.
Vent
Fragments of lava and rock smaller than 2mm.
Ash
Mouth of a volcano, surrounds a volcanic vent, a funnel shaped depression at the top of a volcano formed as a result of an explosive eruption.
Crater
PHIVOLCS stands for…
Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
Flat piece of rock formed when magma hardens.
Sill
Small cone shaped volcano formed by the accumulations of volcanic debris.
Parasitic Cone
Steam from natural resources such as geysers or high pressure depths are used to drive electrical turbines.
Conventional Geothermal Energy
Tall eruptions that go up to 20km high. Short, explosive and violent. This happens when the pressure is enough to blow off the overlaying layer of solidified lava over the entrapped gases in magma.
Vulcanian
Volcano comes from the Latin word…
Latin word Vulcan, the Roman god of Fire.
The side of the volcano
Flank
Most destructive and violent eruptions. Volcanic materials go more than 20km high and form an eruption column.
Plinian
These volcanoes are active but not erupting; however they are expected to erupt anytime soon. Their magma chambers are slowly filling.
Dormant
Steam, viscous lava, volcanic material that very quickly goes down.
Pelean
Occurs when water interacts with magma. It releases steam and pyroclastic fragments into Earth’s surface.
Phreatomagmatic
Eruptions involve magma of high viscosity and high gas content.
Explosive eruptions
Geothermal comes from the Greek word….
geo which means “Earth,” and thermal, which means “heat”
Simplest type of volcano. Built from pyroclastic fragments and volcanic ashes that form and solidify around the main vent to form a cone, which can be either circular or oval. Usually small. (>300m.)
Cinder Cone
Believed to have greater energy than conventional steam.
Supercritical Water
