Science

Question 1

A vent, hill, or mountain that erupts, releasing molten rocks, rock fragments, and gaseous materials onto Earth’s surface.

Answer 1

VOLCANOES

Question 2

Volcanoes are mostly found in the?

Answer 2

PACIFIC RING OF FIRE/CIRCUM-PACIFIC BELT

Question 3

Where does the name “Volcano” come from?

Answer 3

ITALIAN WORD VULCANO - “BURNING MOUNTAIN”
LATIN WORD VULCAN - “THE ROMAN GOD OF FIRE”

Question 4

Cooled Magma

Answer 4

LAVA

Question 5

Rock Fragments

Answer 5

TEPHRA

Question 6

Monitors Volcanoes in the Philippines.

Answer 6

PHIVOLCS (Philippine Institution of Volcanology and Seismology)

Question 7

The side of a volcano

Answer 7

FLANK

Question 8

Molten rock that erupts from a volcano and solidifies as it cools.

Answer 8

LAVA

Question 9

Mouth of a volcano, surrounds a volcanic vent, a funnel shaped depression at the top of a volcano formed as a result of an explosive eruption.

Answer 9

CRATER

Question 10

The highest part of a volcano.

Answer 10

SUMMIT

Question 11

The entrance; part of a conduit that ejects lava and ash.

Answer 11

THROAT

Question 12

Fragments of lava and rock smaller than 2mm.

Answer 12

ASH

Question 13

ASH CLOUD

Answer 13

A cloud of ash.
Self-explanatory LMAO

Question 14

Molten rock beneath the Earth’s surface.

Answer 14

MAGMA

Question 15

Underground passage magma travels through. It connects the magma chamber to the throat.

Answer 15

CONDUIT

Question 16

Flat piece of rock formed when magma hardens.

Answer 16

SILL

Question 17

Bodies of magma that cut through and across the layering of adjacent rocks. Formed when magma goes through fractures and solidifies.

Answer 17

DIKE

Question 18

Small cone shaped volcano formed by the accumulations of volcanic debris.

Answer 18

PARASITIC CONE

Question 19

The actual opening where the lava and ash come from.

Answer 19

VENT

Question 20

Formation of a Volcano

Answer 20

1. Magma beneath the Earth’s surface causes pressure. The pressure causes cracks in the rocks.
2. The magma reaches the surface.
3. The magma ejects lava flow and ash deposits.
4. Over time, it will cool down and solidify.
5. It will continue to eject lava until it gets bigger and bigger.

Question 21

Also known as scoria cones. Simplest type. Built from pyroclastic fragments and volcanic ashes that form and solidify around the main vent to form a cone, which can be either circular or oval. Usually small.

Answer 21

CINDERCONE

Question 22

Also known as stratovolcanoes. Formed when viscous andestic lava flows out of a vent for a very long time. They have acidic and sticky lava which allos the lava to solidify without travelling very far. Cone is symmetrical. Explosive eruptions.

Answer 22

COMPOSITE

Question 23

Formed when non-acidic basaltic lava flows of high viscosity producing broad sloping sides and shield-like structures. They are not very explosive and are among the largest volcanoes in the world. Dome shaped with a wide base.

Answer 23

SHIELD

Question 24

These volcanoes have erupted during historical times (i.e, documented by people) within the last 600 years. In addition, they have erupted at least once in the last past 10 000 years and are likely to erupt again. There are 24 of them in the Philippines.

Answer 24

ACTIVE

Question 25

These volcanoes are active but not erupting; however they are expected to erupt anytime soon.

Answer 25

DORMANT

Question 26

These volcanoes have not had any eruption in the past 10 000 years and are expected not to erupt anymore in the future. These volcanoes have been intensively weathered and eroded.

Answer 26

DISTINCT/INACTIVE

Question 27

Different kinds of eruptions can be classified as either?

Answer 27

EFFUSIVE OR EXPLOSIVE

Question 28

Involve the outpouring of basaltic magma that is relatively low in viscosity and low in gas content.

Answer 28

EFFUSIVE ERUPTIONS

Question 29

Involve magma of high viscosity and high gas content.

Answer 29

EXPLOSIVE ERUPTIONS

Question 30

Driven by steam due to rapid heating beneath a volcano. Releases steam. They often precede or accompany another type of volcanic eruption.

Answer 30

PHREATIC

Question 31

Occurs when water interacts with magma. It releases steam and pyroclastic fragments into Earth’s surface.

Answer 31

PHREATOMAGMATIC

Question 32

Fountains of either basaltic or andesitic lava. This eruption creates eruptive products such as scoria (hardened chunks of bubbly lava) and lava bombs

Answer 32

STROMBOLIAN

Question 33

Steam, viscous lava, volcanic material that very quickly goes down.

Answer 33

PELEAN

Question 34

Tall eruptions that go up to 20km high. Short, explosive and violent. This happens when the pressure is enough to blow off the overlaying layer of solidified lava over the entrapped gases in magma.

Answer 34

VULCANIAN

Question 35

Most destructive and violent eruptions. Volcanic materials go more than 20km high and form an eruption column.

Answer 35

PILINIAN

Question 36

Comes from the Greek word geo which means “Earth,” and thermal, which means “heat.” Comes from heat contained in fluids in rocks beneath the Earth. May be derived from steam or hot liquid water. Obtained by drilling wells. The Philippines is the 3rd largest producer of this globally.

Answer 36

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

Question 37

Steam from natural resources such as geysers or high pressure depths are used to drive electrical turbines.

Answer 37

CONVENTIONAL GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

Question 38

The scientists and researchers are using the heat from supercritical water.

Answer 38

VOLCANIC GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

Question 39

Is believed to have greater energy than conventional steam.

Answer 39

SUPERCRITICAL WATER

Question 40

Where the heat of the Earth changes water into steam, then the steam turns a turbine.

Answer 40

GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANTS

Question 41

How do Geothermal Power Plants work?

Answer 41

Hot water is pumped from underground. (Thermal energy) The steam from the hot waters turns a turbine. (Mechanical energy) The turbine turns the generator. (Mechanical energy) Electricity then goes to a grid. (Electrical energy)

Question 42

Removes heat from the fluid in the Earth’s connection, concentrates it, then transfers it into a building.

Answer 42

GEOTHERMAL HEAT PUMPS

Question 43

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES: VOLCANO

Answer 43

Advantages Tourism Lava and ash deposits act as fertilizer Generating geothermal Energy Habitats Can create new islands Cools down the Earth Precious gems and building materials Disadvantages Harmful gases Pyroclastic flow Lahar Landslides Tephra

Question 44

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES: GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

Answer 44

Advantages Renewable Sustainable More environmentally friendly Efficient No fuel required Disadvantages May trigger earthquakes (due to digging) Environment concerns (gas from underground may enter atmosphere) Location-restricted (power plants must be built where geothermal energy is accessible) May affect stability of land Costly