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Grade 9 3rd Monthly Test > Science > Flashcards

Science Flashcards

1
Q

A vent, hill, or mountain that erupts, releasing molten rocks, rock fragments, and gaseous materials onto Earth’s surface.

A

VOLCANOES

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2
Q

Volcanoes are mostly found in the?

A

PACIFIC RING OF FIRE/CIRCUM-PACIFIC BELT

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3
Q

Where does the name “Volcano” come from?

A

ITALIAN WORD VULCANO - “BURNING MOUNTAIN”
LATIN WORD VULCAN - “THE ROMAN GOD OF FIRE”

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4
Q

Cooled Magma

A

LAVA

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5
Q

Rock Fragments

A

TEPHRA

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6
Q

Monitors Volcanoes in the Philippines.

A

PHIVOLCS (Philippine Institution of Volcanology and Seismology)

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7
Q

The side of a volcano

A

FLANK

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8
Q

Molten rock that erupts from a volcano and solidifies as it cools.

A

LAVA

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9
Q

Mouth of a volcano, surrounds a volcanic vent, a funnel shaped depression at the top of a volcano formed as a result of an explosive eruption.

A

CRATER

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10
Q

The highest part of a volcano.

A

SUMMIT

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11
Q

The entrance; part of a conduit that ejects lava and ash.

A

THROAT

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12
Q

Fragments of lava and rock smaller than 2mm.

A

ASH

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13
Q

ASH CLOUD

A

A cloud of ash.
Self-explanatory LMAO

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14
Q

Molten rock beneath the Earth’s surface.

A

MAGMA

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15
Q

Underground passage magma travels through. It connects the magma chamber to the throat.

A

CONDUIT

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16
Q

Flat piece of rock formed when magma hardens.

A

SILL

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17
Q

Bodies of magma that cut through and across the layering of adjacent rocks. Formed when magma goes through fractures and solidifies.

A

DIKE

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18
Q

Small cone shaped volcano formed by the accumulations of volcanic debris.

A

PARASITIC CONE

19
Q

The actual opening where the lava and ash come from.

A

VENT

20
Q

Formation of a Volcano

A
  1. Magma beneath the Earth’s surface causes pressure. The pressure causes cracks in the rocks.
  2. The magma reaches the surface.
  3. The magma ejects lava flow and ash deposits.
  4. Over time, it will cool down and solidify.
  5. It will continue to eject lava until it gets bigger and bigger.
21
Q

Also known as scoria cones. Simplest type. Built from pyroclastic fragments and volcanic ashes that form and solidify around the main vent to form a cone, which can be either circular or oval. Usually small.

A

CINDERCONE

22
Q

Also known as stratovolcanoes. Formed when viscous andestic lava flows out of a vent for a very long time. They have acidic and sticky lava which allos the lava to solidify without travelling very far. Cone is symmetrical. Explosive eruptions.

A

COMPOSITE

23
Q

Formed when non-acidic basaltic lava flows of high viscosity producing broad sloping sides and shield-like structures. They are not very explosive and are among the largest volcanoes in the world. Dome shaped with a wide base.

A

SHIELD

24
Q

These volcanoes have erupted during historical times (i.e, documented by people) within the last 600 years. In addition, they have erupted at least once in the last past 10 000 years and are likely to erupt again. There are 24 of them in the Philippines.

A

ACTIVE

25
Q

These volcanoes are active but not erupting; however they are expected to erupt anytime soon.

A

DORMANT

26
Q

These volcanoes have not had any eruption in the past 10 000 years and are expected not to erupt anymore in the future. These volcanoes have been intensively weathered and eroded.

A

DISTINCT/INACTIVE

27
Q

Different kinds of eruptions can be classified as either?

A

EFFUSIVE OR EXPLOSIVE

28
Q

Involve the outpouring of basaltic magma that is relatively low in viscosity and low in gas content.

A

EFFUSIVE ERUPTIONS

29
Q

Involve magma of high viscosity and high gas content.

A

EXPLOSIVE ERUPTIONS

30
Q

Driven by steam due to rapid heating beneath a volcano. Releases steam. They often precede or accompany another type of volcanic eruption.

A

PHREATIC

31
Q

Occurs when water interacts with magma. It releases steam and pyroclastic fragments into Earth’s surface.

A

PHREATOMAGMATIC

32
Q

Fountains of either basaltic or andesitic lava. This eruption creates eruptive products such as scoria (hardened chunks of bubbly lava) and lava bombs

A

STROMBOLIAN

33
Q

Steam, viscous lava, volcanic material that very quickly goes down.

A

PELEAN

34
Q

Tall eruptions that go up to 20km high. Short, explosive and violent. This happens when the pressure is enough to blow off the overlaying layer of solidified lava over the entrapped gases in magma.

A

VULCANIAN

35
Q

Most destructive and violent eruptions. Volcanic materials go more than 20km high and form an eruption column.

A

PILINIAN

36
Q

Comes from the Greek word geo which means “Earth,” and thermal, which means “heat.”
Comes from heat contained in fluids in rocks beneath the Earth.
May be derived from steam or hot liquid water.
Obtained by drilling wells.
The Philippines is the 3rd largest producer of this globally.

A

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

37
Q

Steam from natural resources such as geysers or high pressure depths are used to drive electrical turbines.

A

CONVENTIONAL GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

38
Q

The scientists and researchers are using the heat from supercritical water.

A

VOLCANIC GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

39
Q

Is believed to have greater energy than conventional steam.

A

SUPERCRITICAL WATER

40
Q

Where the heat of the Earth changes water into steam, then the steam turns a turbine.

A

GEOTHERMAL POWER PLANTS

41
Q

How do Geothermal Power Plants work?

A

Hot water is pumped from underground. (Thermal energy)
The steam from the hot waters turns a turbine. (Mechanical energy)
The turbine turns the generator. (Mechanical energy)
Electricity then goes to a grid. (Electrical energy)

42
Q

Removes heat from the fluid in the Earth’s connection, concentrates it, then transfers it into a building.

A

GEOTHERMAL HEAT PUMPS

43
Q

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES: VOLCANO

A

Advantages
Tourism
Lava and ash deposits act as fertilizer
Generating geothermal Energy
Habitats
Can create new islands
Cools down the Earth
Precious gems and building materials

Disadvantages
Harmful gases
Pyroclastic flow
Lahar
Landslides
Tephra

44
Q

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES: GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

A

Advantages
Renewable
Sustainable
More environmentally friendly
Efficient
No fuel required

Disadvantages
May trigger earthquakes (due to digging)
Environment concerns (gas from underground may enter atmosphere)
Location-restricted (power plants must be built where geothermal energy is accessible)
May affect stability of land
Costly

Grade 9 3rd Monthly Test (4 decks)

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