Science Flashcards
Memorize definitions
What is the Nucleus?
The Nucleus is a dense positive core made up of protons and neutrons, it is much smaller compared to the total size of the atom.
What is the Electron Cloud?
The Electron Cloud is the area where the electrons are located, it is mostly empty.
What is the Atom?
The atom is small and mostly empty, and atoms are made up of 3 subatomic particles:
Protons + (Positively charged)
Neutr(al)ons (No charge)
Electrons - (Negatively charged)
What is a charge?
A charge of an atom is the physical property that causes the particle to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field.
What is an Ion and what are the different charges?
An Ion is an atom with a charge, and there are 2 charges for it:
Cation - Positive charge
Anion - Negative charge
What are Alkanes, Alkenes, and Alkynes?
They are all different hydrocarbons, they differ from the amount of bonds between all of them.
What are hydrocarbons?
Hydrocarbons are an organic compound of hydrogen and carbon atoms. They are primary components of petroleum, natural gas, and are used as fuels, lubricants, and raw materials for various products.
Where are hydrocarbons aquired?
Hydrocarbons are obtained from crude oil through the process of fractional distillation, which separates the mixture into different components based on their boiling points.
What are valence electrons? How much is per group too?
Valence electrons are the electrons on the outermost shell of an atom. These electrons are crucial as they participate in the chemical bonding with other atoms.
Amount of valence electrons:
Group 1 (Alkali metals): 1 valence electron
Group 2 (Alkali earth metals): 2 valence electrons
Group 13-18 (#valence electrons = Group N.O. - 10)
E.G.
Group 15 = 5 valence electrons
ONLY EXCEPTION being He (Helium) with 2 valence electrons while being group 18 with Noble Gases.
