Science Flashcards
Igneous Rock
Rock formed directly from the crystallization of cooled magma.
Rock
A group of minerals bound together in some manner.
What type of rock is considered to be the parent rock
Igneous rocks are
considered to be the parent rocks.
Intrusive
Molten rock that cools beneath Earth’s surface. (Magma)
Extrusive
Molten rock that cools outside the Earth’s surface. (Lava)
Felsic
Magma rich in SiO2. (> 60%) is light color and composed of lighter elements
mafic
Magma low in SiO2. (<50%) is dark in color and composed of heavier elements (Fe, Mg).
Example of felsic rock
granite
Example of mafic rock
Basalt
what Allows us to predict the way that igneous rocks form from cooling magma.
Bowen’s Reaction Series
what minerals undergo a continuous change in composition
felsic/ silica rich
what minerals undergo a discontinuous change in composition.
mafic/ iron rich
what are Visible features of igneous rocks
crystals (intrusive) and/or pores (extrusive).
Sedimentary Rock
Rock formed from cemented layers of sediment.
what is the sedimentary rock process known as
lithification.
5 steps of sedementary rocks formation
weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, and cementation.
There are three types of sedimentary rock:
clastic, chemical, and organic
examples of clastic sedimentary rock, and there grain size.
conglomerate (fast moving water/course), sandstone (slow moving water/medium), shale (still water/fine)
two examples of chemical rocks
NaCl (salt)
CaCO3 (calcite)
two examples of organic rock
Ex: Coal, limestone
Visible features of sedimentary rocks:
earthy or grainy texture and/or the presence of fossils.
Metamorphic Rock
Rock formed when high pressure and temperature combine to alter the texture or chemical composition of other rocks.
What causes metamorphism
- Heat
- Pressure
- Interactions with hot water and/or other chemical elements.
There are three types of metamorphism:
Regional, contact, and hydrothermal
reginal
When high temperatures and pressures affect large regions of Earth’s crust.
what is the most common type of metamorphism
regional
Contact
When molten rock comes into contact with solid rock.
Hydrothermal
When very hot water reacts with rock and alters its chemistry.
Examples:
Shale → Slate
Granite → Gneiss
Limestone → Marble
Sandstone → Quartzite
Visible features of metamorphic rocks:
include foliation (layering) and/or flattened crystals.
