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8th grade > Science > Flashcards

Science Flashcards

1
Q

Igneous Rock

A

Rock formed directly from the crystallization of cooled magma.

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1
Q

Rock

A

A group of minerals bound together in some manner.

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2
Q

What type of rock is considered to be the parent rock

A

Igneous rocks are
considered to be the parent rocks.

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3
Q

Intrusive

A

Molten rock that cools beneath Earth’s surface. (Magma)

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4
Q

Extrusive

A

Molten rock that cools outside the Earth’s surface. (Lava)

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5
Q

Felsic

A

Magma rich in SiO2. (> 60%) is light color and composed of lighter elements

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6
Q

mafic

A

Magma low in SiO2. (<50%) is dark in color and composed of heavier elements (Fe, Mg).

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7
Q

Example of felsic rock

A

granite

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8
Q

Example of mafic rock

A

Basalt

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9
Q

what Allows us to predict the way that igneous rocks form from cooling magma.

A

Bowen’s Reaction Series

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10
Q

what minerals undergo a continuous change in composition

A

felsic/ silica rich

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11
Q

what minerals undergo a discontinuous change in composition.

A

mafic/ iron rich

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12
Q

what are Visible features of igneous rocks

A

crystals (intrusive) and/or pores (extrusive).

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13
Q

Sedimentary Rock

A

Rock formed from cemented layers of sediment.

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14
Q

what is the sedimentary rock process known as

A

lithification.

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15
Q

5 steps of sedementary rocks formation

A

weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, and cementation.

16
Q

There are three types of sedimentary rock:

A

clastic, chemical, and organic

17
Q

examples of clastic sedimentary rock, and there grain size.

A

conglomerate (fast moving water/course), sandstone (slow moving water/medium), shale (still water/fine)

18
Q

two examples of chemical rocks

A

NaCl (salt)
CaCO3 (calcite)

19
Q

two examples of organic rock

A

Ex: Coal, limestone

20
Q

Visible features of sedimentary rocks:

A

earthy or grainy texture and/or the presence of fossils.

21
Q

Metamorphic Rock

A

Rock formed when high pressure and temperature combine to alter the texture or chemical composition of other rocks.

22
Q

What causes metamorphism

A
  • Heat
  • Pressure
  • Interactions with hot water and/or other chemical elements.
23
Q

There are three types of metamorphism:

A

Regional, contact, and hydrothermal

24
Q

reginal

A

When high temperatures and pressures affect large regions of Earth’s crust.

25
Q

what is the most common type of metamorphism

A

regional

26
Q

Contact

A

When molten rock comes into contact with solid rock.

27
Q

Hydrothermal

A

When very hot water reacts with rock and alters its chemistry.

28
Q

Examples:

A

Shale → Slate
Granite → Gneiss
Limestone → Marble
Sandstone → Quartzite

29
Q

Visible features of metamorphic rocks:

A

include foliation (layering) and/or flattened crystals.

8th grade (3 decks)

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