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Science Flashcards

1
Q

What is an element?

A

Elements are substances that are made up of just one type of atom.

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2
Q

What are the properties of metals?

A

tend to be shiny.
are solid at room temperature.
are good conductors of heat and electricity.
can be bent and hammered into sheets.
can be stretched into wires.

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3
Q

State some examples of metals

A

Aluminium, Copper, Iron, Nickel

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4
Q

What are properties of non - metals?

A

Tend to be dull
Do not conduct heat or electricity
Break or crumble when you bend them

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5
Q

How many elements are there altogether?

A

118

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6
Q

What is a monatomic element?

A

monoatomic elements are elements that are stable as single atoms.

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7
Q

State two examples of monatomic elements

A

Helium.
Radon.

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8
Q

What is a molecular element?

A

Molecular elements are a type of pure substance that consist of two or more identical atoms bonded together.

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9
Q

State some examples of molecular elements

A

hydrogen (H2), oxygen (O2), chlorine (Cl2), ozone (O3), and sulphur (S8).

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10
Q

What is a crystal lattice?

A

A crystal lattice is a regular, repeating arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in a solid, forming a three-dimensional structure that determines the crystal’s shape and properties.

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11
Q

What are the useful features of metallic lattices?

A

Metals have high melting and boiling points. The metallic bonds found throughout the whole metallic lattice structure are very strong.
Metals are hard, strong and have a high density.
Metals are good conductors of electricity.
Metals are malleable and ductile.

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11
Q

How can hydrogen be made?

A

Hydron gas can be created by combinbing metal (magnesium) with (hydrochloric acid)

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12
Q

State two non-metallic lattices.

A

silicon
carbon

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13
Q

State the equation to find density

A

density = mass / volume. or d = M/V,

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14
Q

State an example of a compound lattice. How do compound lattices differ from a metallic lattice?

A

An example of a compound lattice is sodium chloride (NaCl), where sodium and chloride ions are arranged in a repeating pattern. Unlike metallic lattices, which are held together by a sea of delocalized electrons, compound lattices are held together by ionic bonds between positively and negatively charged ions.

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14
Q

What is a compound?

A

a compound is a substance made up of two or more different chemical elements combined in a fixed ratio

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15
Q

What is a mixture?

A

a mixture is a compound made up of two or more chemical components that are not chemically linked.

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16
Q

What is a solute?

A

A solute is a substance that can be dissolved into a solution by a solvent.

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17
Q

What is a solution?

A

a type of mixture involving two or more substances.

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18
Q

What a solvent?

A

A solvent is any substance, usually liquid, which is capable of dissolving one or several substances, thus creating a solution.

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19
Q

What does miscible mean?

A

solutions where a liquid dissolves completely in another liquid.

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19
Q

What is an aqueous solution?

A

An aqueous solution is water that contains one or more dissolved substances.

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20
Q

How can carbon dioxide be formed?

A

When hydrochloric acid reacts with calcium carbonate, carbon dioxide gas is produced, along with calcium chloride and water.

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21
Q

State two elements that “changed the world” and why they were important

A

First Metal Tools: Copper allowed early humans to make stronger tools and weapons.

Bronze Age: Copper and tin made bronze, sparking major advances in civilization.

Electricity: Copper’s conductivity made it essential in wiring and electronics.

Economic Impact: Copper drove trade and economic growth worldwide.

Infrastructure: Key in plumbing, machinery, and transport systems.

Recyclability: Copper is recyclable, supporting sustainability.

22
Q

State two compounds that “changed the world” and why they were important

A

Food Preservation: Allowed long-term food storage, crucial before refrigeration.

Trade and Wealth: Salt’s high value created trade routes and boosted economies.

Political Power: Salt taxes funded governments but led to unrest, even revolutions.

Cultural Symbolism: Salt symbolized purity, preservation, and hospitality in many cultures.

Historical Protests: Protests like Gandhi’s Salt March symbolized resistance to oppression.

Health Essential: Vital for health, salt influenced settlements and human development.

23
Q

How can a physical change be identified?

A

In a physical change the appearance or form of the matter changes but the kind of matter in the substance does not

24
Q

What happens in expansion?

A

expansion occurs when the volume of an object increases.

25
Q

What happens in contraction?

A

When a solid liquid or gas is cooled, it contracts-the volume of the substance decreases and its density increases.

26
Q

What is mixing?

A

A mixture is a physical combination of two or more substances that aren’t chemically joined.

27
Q

Define dissolving

A

Dissolution is a process by which a solute dissolves into a solvent and forms a solution.

28
Q

Define a solute.

A

A solute is a substance that is dissolved in a solution.

29
Q

Define a solvent

A

A solvent is any substance, usually liquid, which is capable of dissolving one or several substances, thus creating a solution.

30
Q

Define a solution.

A

A solution, in science, refers to a type of mixture involving two or more substances.

31
Q

What is a chemical change?

A

A chemical change is a process where substances are transformed into new ones with different properties.

32
Q

How can you detect a chemical change?

A

A chemical change can be detected by observing signs such as a color change, temperature change, gas production (bubbles or odor), the formation of a precipitate (solid), or light emission.

33
Q

What happens to particles during cooling, condensing and freezing?

A

As you cool a liquid, removing energy from it, the movement of the particles gets slower.

34
Q

What is a precipitate?

A

In chemistry, a precipitate is an insoluble solid that emerges from a liquid solution.

35
Q

What is diffusion?

A

Diffusion is the process by which particles move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, eventually spreading out evenly.

36
Q

What is a chemical product?

A

A chemical product is a substance formed as a result of a chemical reaction.

36
Q

What is a chemical reaction?

A

A chemical reaction is a process in which substances (reactants) are transformed into new substances (products) with different properties through the breaking and forming of chemical bonds.

37
Q

What is magma?

A

Magma is molten rock that is formed in very hot conditions inside the earth

38
Q

What is lava?

A

Lava is molten rock ejected by volcanoes in the form of a liquid.

39
Q

What is an igneous rock?

A

Igneous rocks are defined as types of rocks that are formed when molten rock (rock liquefied by intense heat and pressure) cools to a solid state.

40
Q

What is an intrusive igneous rock? State two examples.

A

Rock formed from magma cooling below the ground surface are classified as intrusive igneous rock.
Quartz and feldspar.

41
Q

What is an extrusive igneous rock? State two examples

A

Rock formed at the surface by lava is classified as extrusive igneous rock.
Pumice and obsidian

42
Q

What size crystals do intrusive igneous rocks typically have? Why do these rocks have this size crystal?

A

Large crystals are the result of slow cooling.

43
Q

What size crystals do extrusive igneous rocks typically have? Why do these rocks have this size crystal?

A

Small crystals are the result of quick cooling.

44
Q

What is weathering?

A

Weathering is the wearing down or breaking of rocks while they are in place.

45
Q

What is physical weathering?

A

Physical weathering, also called mechanical weathering, is a process that causes the disintegration of rocks, minerals, and soils without chemical change.

46
Q

What is chemical weathering?

A

Chemical weathering is the process by which rocks are broken down by chemical reactions.

47
Q

What is a sedimentary rock?

A

Sedimentary rocks are made when sand, mud and pebbles get laid down in layers.

47
Q

What is erosion?

A

Erosion is the action of surface processes (such as water flow or wind) that removes soil, rock, or dissolved material from one location on the Earth’s crust and then transports it to another location where it is deposited.

48
Q

What is deposition?

A

Deposition refers to the process in which a gas changes directly to a solid without going through the liquid state.

49
Q

State three examples of sedimentary rocks.

A

sandstone, siltstone, shale,

50
Q

What are three features of clastic sedimentary rocks?

A

sand-size quartz, feldspar, and rock fragment components,

51
Q

What is a fossil?

A

A fossil is any preserved body part, excrement, or impression of an organism that lived in the distant past.

52
Q

Why are fossils most likely to be found in sedimentary rocks?

A

It protect it and allows the body part to decay.

53
Q

What is a metamorphic rock?

A

Metamorphic rocks started out as some other type of rock, but have been substantially changed from their original igneous, sedimentary, or earlier metamorphic form.

54
Q

the method on how making copper

A

Making copper

pour 30 ml of copper sulfate into beaker

place zinc strip into beaker with copper sulfate

observe chemical reaction and record results

careful take out solid from beaker and place on small piece of paper

allow to dry

observe dry material with microscope the

sicnse (1 decks)

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