SCIENCE Flashcards
1
Q
A collection of parts able to work together to serve a common purpose
A
Body system
2
Q
What is the purpose of the body system?
A
Growth, reproduction, and survival
3
Q
It is a set of organs and tissues involved in the uptake of oxygen from the atmosphere and the release of carbon dioxide
A
Respiratory system
4
Q
What is respiration?
A
When we inhale oxygen and release carbon dioxide
5
Q
It is also called breathing or external respiration
A
Gas exchange
6
Q
During external respiration, where does the oxygen-rich air enter during respiration?
A
Alveoli
7
Q
What are the organs involved in the upper respiratory tract?
A
Mouth or oral cavity, nose or nasal cavity, Pharynx and larynx
8
Q
This is the structure where the air enters the body
A
Nose or Nasal Cavity
9
Q
Using this, it filters out foreign particles and produces nitric oxide
A
cilia
10
Q
Secondary external opening for the respiratory tract. It is also used to replace the nasal cavity’s function when needed
A
Mouth or oral cavity
11
Q
The pharynx is also known as?
A
Lalamunan
12
Q
A passageway leading from oral and nasal cavities to the larynx and esophagus
A
Pharynx
13
Q
The area that connects the throat to the windpipe(trachea)
A
Larynx
14
Q
What does the larynx contain?
A
the vocal cords that produces sounds also known as the voice box
15
Q
What are the organs in the lower respiratory tract?
A
Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, and diaphram
16
Q
What is Trachea?
A
It connects the larynx to the bronchi of the lungs
17
Q
It conducts the air to the lungs (it serves as a guard)
A
Bronchi
18
Q
How many bronchi does a human body have
A
2
19
Q
What is the function of bronchioles?
A
It carries oxygen-rich air into the lungs and carries carbon dioxide-rich air out of the lungs
20
Q
It is a tiny air sacs located at the end of the bronchioles
A
Alveoli
21
Q
What part does the alveoli play a crucial part?
A
In a gas exchange during breathing
22
Q
Where does the gas exchange take place?
A
through the walls of the alveoli
23
Q
What is a diaphragm
A
a dome-shaped muscle just below the lungs
24
Q
When you inhale, is the diaphragm down or up?
A
Down
25
Any diseases and disorders of the airways and the lungs that affect human respiration
diseases of the respiratory system
26
What is obstructive
Obstruction in the air passages with slow and shallow exhalation, blocking a passage or a view
27
A lung condition wherein the air sacs (alveoli) are damaged
Emphysema
28
In emphysema, what happens to the inner walls of the alveoli?
It weakens and rupture
29
What is the main cause of emphysema?
Smoking
30
What happens to your lungs if you have asthma
The lungs narrows and swell and may produce extra mucus
31
A small, handheld device that delivers medication directly to your lungs
Inhalers
32
It targets the bronchi, causing it to be irritated and inflamed
bronchitis
33
What is restrictive
difficulty in filling the lungs with air during inhalation
34
A genetic disease that causes sticky, thick mucus to build up in the lungs
cystic fibrosis
35
An inflammatory disease in which the immune system overreacts causing granulomas consisting of inflamed tissues to form in the lungs
Sarcoidosis
36
The excessive fluid in the pleural space
Pleural effusion
37
A membrane that folds on itself to form a two-layered membranous pleural sac
Pleura
38
What is infectious
it is caused by germs like bacteria, and viruses
39
It inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs.
Pneumonia
40
In Pneumonia, Air sacs may fill with what?
Fluid or pus
41
What is the cause of pneumonia
Streptoccocus Pneumoniae
42
What is tuberculosis
Caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) bacteria that can cause infection in your lungs
43
What is the cause of tuberculosis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)
44
It is exposure to high concentrations of asbestos fibers in the air
Asbestosis
45
What is Covid 19
Caused by sars-cov 2 virus and spreads between people in dose contact
46
What is vascular
Affecting the blood vessels leading to the lungs or from the lungs
47
Too much fluid in the lungs. The fluid collects in the alveoli making it difficult to breathe
Edema
48
A blood cloth stuck in an artery-blocking blood flow
pulmonary embolism
49
What is hypertension
High blood pressure in the blood vessel
50
It transports blood and other nutrients throughout the body
Circulatory system
51
A body fluid in the circulatory system and other vertebrates that delivers necessary substances
Blood
52
What does the blood transport
oxygen and nutrients
53
A liquid portion of the blood and yellowish in color
Plasma
54
how much percentage does the plasma take of the blood composition
55%
55
It is responsible for carrying and transporting oxygen to the body
Red blood cells
56
Red blood cells are also known as?
Erythrocytes
57
What is the shape and the protein of red blood cells?
Biconcave in shape and the protein is hemoglobin
58
White blood cells are also known as?
Leukocytes
59
It helps the body fight infection and diseases
White blood cells
60
Platelets are also known as?
Thrombocytes
61
Small, colorless cell fragments in our blood that form clots and stop or prevent bleeding
Platelets
62
Interconnected tunnels or passages where blood flows happen
Blood vessel (ugat)
63
Has the thickest wall, allowing it to withstand the pressure created by the heart
Artery
64
Thick muscular blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart
Artery
65
has thin walls and carries the blood from the different parts of the body
veins
66
It is the largest and main artery that carries blood away from the heart
Aorta
67
The smallest of a body's vessels. It also bridges the veins and arteries.
capillaries
68
involved in the exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients and waste
capillaries
69
How many upper and lower chamber that a typical heart consist?
2 upper and lower chambers
70
The main organ of the circulatory system and responsible for pumping blood
heart
71
pumps blood out of the heart
right and left ventricle
72
It receives incoming blood
Right and left atria
73
Plaque (cholesterol and fat) build-up that blocks the blood flow in the arteries
Atherosclerosis
74
Excessive production of white blood cells which have become destructive instead of protective
leukemia
75
Lack of healthy red blood cells
anemia
76
What is the cause of anemia
iron deficiency
77
affects the artery that supply the heart with blood
coronary heart disease
78
Heart valves have been permanently damaged by rheumatic fever
rheumatic heart disease
79
what is the cause of coronary heart disease
atherosclerosis
80
high blood pressure build-up of cholesterol narrows the arteries
Hypertension
81
atherosclerosis can lead to what?
hypertension
82
an inborn disease characterized by an abnormality in the structure of the heartc
congenital heart disease
83
What do you call the flap that prevents the food from entering the trachea or windpipe?
epiglottis
84
what do you call the process of natural movement of oxygen into the blood capilliaries in the alveoli?
absorption/diffusion/evaporation/sublimation
diffusion
85
characterized by wheezing, shortness of breath, and coughing
asthma
86
A child exhibits chronic cough, fatigue, and shortness of breath. Genetic testing reveals a mutation in the CFTR gene. What disease is most consistent with these findings?
Cystic fibrosis
87
What do you call the blood vessels responsible for the exchanging of nutrients and gasses with the body's tissues
capillaries
88
The passing on of physical or mental characteristics genetically from one generation to another
Heredity
89
Scientific study of genes and heredity
genetics
90
established the fundamental laws of genetics
Gregor mendel
91
Gregor mendel is also known as
"the father of genetics"
92
How many pairs of chromosomes does humans typically have
23
92
how many in total is the chromosomes of a human
46
93
Structures found in the center of cells that carry long pieces of DNA
Chromosomes
94
numbers of chromosomes sets in an organism
ploidy
94
it is used to describe the complete number and appearance of chromosomes in the body
karyotype
95
presence of a single set of chromosomes in an organism's cells
haploid
96
What is the cells of haploid?
sex cells
97
presence of 2 complete sets of chromosomes in an organism's cells
diplod
98
what are the cells of diploid
body cells
98
condition of possessing more than 2 commplete sets of chromosomes
polyploidy
99
the basic unit of heredity
genes
100
identical pairs of genes
alleles
101
responsible for carrying and transmitting the heredity materials from parents to offspring
DNA (deoxyribunocleic acid)
102
any pattern of inheritance in which traits do not segregate in accordance with mendel's law
Non mendelian genetics
103
Also known as semi dominance or partial dominance
incomplete dominance
104
inherited trait which is a blend of the parental traits
incomplete dominance
105
White dog + black dog= grey dog?
incomplete dominance
106
violates the law of codominance. occurs when both alleles are equally strong, meaning neither are dominant or recessive
codominance
107
White chick+Black chick = white & black chick
Codominance
108
Traits controlled by a single gene with more than 2 alleles. Are 3 or more possible alleles for one individual traits
Multiple alleles
109
Some traits can be inherited by male or female only but not both female and male
Sex Inherited traits
110
Phenotypic characteristics that are specific only in one of the 2 sexes
Sex limited traits
111
Characteristics from autosomal chromosomes that are affected by the sex cells. Can be expressed in both sexes
Sex influenced traits
112
occurring in conformity with the ordinary
Natural causes of extinction
113
Characteristics that can be controlled by genes on the sex chromosomes
Sex linked traits-
114
as more species dies, it is only making it more difficult for the survivors to find food
Climate change and global warming
115
Can hit the earth with extreme force. The reverberations can be felt around the world and impact site can be completely destroyed and life can be wiped out
asteroids
116
radiation being emitted from outer space and the sun
cosmic radiation
117
forms when sulfur dioxide and/or nitrogen oxides are put out into the atmosphere. Chemicals get absorbed by water droplets in the clouds and falls to the earth as acid precipitation. Danger to the life of plants and animals.
Acid rain
118
with the changing climate and landscape certain species are losing their ability to fend off disease causing it to become more susceptible to disease and epidemics
diseases
119
results in flooding, salt water contamination of the soil and destruction of habitats
rising sea level
120
has a big impact to marine ecosystem. It can lessen food supply of certain marine species
change in water currents
121
the primary cause of species extinction worldwide
Habitat degradation and habitat loss
122
Although climate changes by nature, human activities are accountable for the rapid increase in Earth’s temperature.
climate change
123
causes global warming. Wastes & other chemicals from factories, pesticides, fertilizers, contaminate land, water and air
pollution
124
illegal capturing and killing of non domesticated animals
poaching
