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PT 1 Q1 > SCIENCE > Flashcards

SCIENCE Flashcards

1
Q

A collection of parts able to work together to serve a common purpose

A

Body system

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2
Q

What is the purpose of the body system?

A

Growth, reproduction, and survival

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3
Q

It is a set of organs and tissues involved in the uptake of oxygen from the atmosphere and the release of carbon dioxide

A

Respiratory system

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4
Q

What is respiration?

A

When we inhale oxygen and release carbon dioxide

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5
Q

It is also called breathing or external respiration

A

Gas exchange

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6
Q

During external respiration, where does the oxygen-rich air enter during respiration?

A

Alveoli

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7
Q

What are the organs involved in the upper respiratory tract?

A

Mouth or oral cavity, nose or nasal cavity, Pharynx and larynx

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8
Q

This is the structure where the air enters the body

A

Nose or Nasal Cavity

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9
Q

Using this, it filters out foreign particles and produces nitric oxide

A

cilia

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10
Q

Secondary external opening for the respiratory tract. It is also used to replace the nasal cavity’s function when needed

A

Mouth or oral cavity

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11
Q

The pharynx is also known as?

A

Lalamunan

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12
Q

A passageway leading from oral and nasal cavities to the larynx and esophagus

A

Pharynx

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13
Q

The area that connects the throat to the windpipe(trachea)

A

Larynx

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14
Q

What does the larynx contain?

A

the vocal cords that produces sounds also known as the voice box

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15
Q

What are the organs in the lower respiratory tract?

A

Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, and diaphram

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16
Q

What is Trachea?

A

It connects the larynx to the bronchi of the lungs

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17
Q

It conducts the air to the lungs (it serves as a guard)

A

Bronchi

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18
Q

How many bronchi does a human body have

A

2

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19
Q

What is the function of bronchioles?

A

It carries oxygen-rich air into the lungs and carries carbon dioxide-rich air out of the lungs

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20
Q

It is a tiny air sacs located at the end of the bronchioles

A

Alveoli

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21
Q

What part does the alveoli play a crucial part?

A

In a gas exchange during breathing

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22
Q

Where does the gas exchange take place?

A

through the walls of the alveoli

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23
Q

What is a diaphragm

A

a dome-shaped muscle just below the lungs

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24
Q

When you inhale, is the diaphragm down or up?

A

Down

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25
Q

Any diseases and disorders of the airways and the lungs that affect human respiration

A

diseases of the respiratory system

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26
Q

What is obstructive

A

Obstruction in the air passages with slow and shallow exhalation, blocking a passage or a view

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27
Q

A lung condition wherein the air sacs (alveoli) are damaged

A

Emphysema

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28
Q

In emphysema, what happens to the inner walls of the alveoli?

A

It weakens and rupture

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29
Q

What is the main cause of emphysema?

A

Smoking

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30
Q

What happens to your lungs if you have asthma

A

The lungs narrows and swell and may produce extra mucus

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31
Q

A small, handheld device that delivers medication directly to your lungs

A

Inhalers

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32
Q

It targets the bronchi, causing it to be irritated and inflamed

A

bronchitis

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33
Q

What is restrictive

A

difficulty in filling the lungs with air during inhalation

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34
Q

A genetic disease that causes sticky, thick mucus to build up in the lungs

A

cystic fibrosis

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35
Q

An inflammatory disease in which the immune system overreacts causing granulomas consisting of inflamed tissues to form in the lungs

A

Sarcoidosis

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36
Q

The excessive fluid in the pleural space

A

Pleural effusion

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37
Q

A membrane that folds on itself to form a two-layered membranous pleural sac

A

Pleura

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38
Q

What is infectious

A

it is caused by germs like bacteria, and viruses

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39
Q

It inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs.

A

Pneumonia

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40
Q

In Pneumonia, Air sacs may fill with what?

A

Fluid or pus

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41
Q

What is the cause of pneumonia

A

Streptoccocus Pneumoniae

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42
Q

What is tuberculosis

A

Caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) bacteria that can cause infection in your lungs

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43
Q

What is the cause of tuberculosis

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)

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44
Q

It is exposure to high concentrations of asbestos fibers in the air

A

Asbestosis

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45
Q

What is Covid 19

A

Caused by sars-cov 2 virus and spreads between people in dose contact

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46
Q

What is vascular

A

Affecting the blood vessels leading to the lungs or from the lungs

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47
Q

Too much fluid in the lungs. The fluid collects in the alveoli making it difficult to breathe

A

Edema

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48
Q

A blood cloth stuck in an artery-blocking blood flow

A

pulmonary embolism

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49
Q

What is hypertension

A

High blood pressure in the blood vessel

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50
Q

It transports blood and other nutrients throughout the body

A

Circulatory system

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51
Q

A body fluid in the circulatory system and other vertebrates that delivers necessary substances

A

Blood

52
Q

What does the blood transport

A

oxygen and nutrients

53
Q

A liquid portion of the blood and yellowish in color

A

Plasma

54
Q

how much percentage does the plasma take of the blood composition

A

55%

55
Q

It is responsible for carrying and transporting oxygen to the body

A

Red blood cells

56
Q

Red blood cells are also known as?

A

Erythrocytes

57
Q

What is the shape and the protein of red blood cells?

A

Biconcave in shape and the protein is hemoglobin

58
Q

White blood cells are also known as?

A

Leukocytes

59
Q

It helps the body fight infection and diseases

A

White blood cells

60
Q

Platelets are also known as?

A

Thrombocytes

61
Q

Small, colorless cell fragments in our blood that form clots and stop or prevent bleeding

A

Platelets

62
Q

Interconnected tunnels or passages where blood flows happen

A

Blood vessel (ugat)

63
Q

Has the thickest wall, allowing it to withstand the pressure created by the heart

A

Artery

64
Q

Thick muscular blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart

A

Artery

65
Q

has thin walls and carries the blood from the different parts of the body

A

veins

66
Q

It is the largest and main artery that carries blood away from the heart

A

Aorta

67
Q

The smallest of a body’s vessels. It also bridges the veins and arteries.

A

capillaries

68
Q

involved in the exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients and waste

A

capillaries

69
Q

How many upper and lower chamber that a typical heart consist?

A

2 upper and lower chambers

70
Q

The main organ of the circulatory system and responsible for pumping blood

A

heart

71
Q

pumps blood out of the heart

A

right and left ventricle

72
Q

It receives incoming blood

A

Right and left atria

73
Q

Plaque (cholesterol and fat) build-up that blocks the blood flow in the arteries

A

Atherosclerosis

74
Q

Excessive production of white blood cells which have become destructive instead of protective

A

leukemia

75
Q

Lack of healthy red blood cells

A

anemia

76
Q

What is the cause of anemia

A

iron deficiency

77
Q

affects the artery that supply the heart with blood

A

coronary heart disease

78
Q

Heart valves have been permanently damaged by rheumatic fever

A

rheumatic heart disease

79
Q

what is the cause of coronary heart disease

A

atherosclerosis

80
Q

high blood pressure build-up of cholesterol narrows the arteries

A

Hypertension

81
Q

atherosclerosis can lead to what?

A

hypertension

82
Q

an inborn disease characterized by an abnormality in the structure of the heartc

A

congenital heart disease

83
Q

What do you call the flap that prevents the food from entering the trachea or windpipe?

A

epiglottis

84
Q

what do you call the process of natural movement of oxygen into the blood capilliaries in the alveoli?
absorption/diffusion/evaporation/sublimation

A

diffusion

85
Q

characterized by wheezing, shortness of breath, and coughing

A

asthma

86
Q

A child exhibits chronic cough, fatigue, and shortness of breath. Genetic testing reveals a mutation in the CFTR gene. What disease is most consistent with these findings?

A

Cystic fibrosis

87
Q

What do you call the blood vessels responsible for the exchanging of nutrients and gasses with the body’s tissues

A

capillaries

88
Q

The passing on of physical or mental characteristics genetically from one generation to another

A

Heredity

89
Q

Scientific study of genes and heredity

A

genetics

90
Q

established the fundamental laws of genetics

A

Gregor mendel

91
Q

Gregor mendel is also known as

A

“the father of genetics”

92
Q

How many pairs of chromosomes does humans typically have

A

23

92
Q

how many in total is the chromosomes of a human

A

46

93
Q

Structures found in the center of cells that carry long pieces of DNA

A

Chromosomes

94
Q

numbers of chromosomes sets in an organism

A

ploidy

94
Q

it is used to describe the complete number and appearance of chromosomes in the body

A

karyotype

95
Q

presence of a single set of chromosomes in an organism’s cells

A

haploid

96
Q

What is the cells of haploid?

A

sex cells

97
Q

presence of 2 complete sets of chromosomes in an organism’s cells

A

diplod

98
Q

what are the cells of diploid

A

body cells

98
Q

condition of possessing more than 2 commplete sets of chromosomes

A

polyploidy

99
Q

the basic unit of heredity

A

genes

100
Q

identical pairs of genes

A

alleles

101
Q

responsible for carrying and transmitting the heredity materials from parents to offspring

A

DNA (deoxyribunocleic acid)

102
Q

any pattern of inheritance in which traits do not segregate in accordance with mendel’s law

A

Non mendelian genetics

103
Q

Also known as semi dominance or partial dominance

A

incomplete dominance

104
Q

inherited trait which is a blend of the parental traits

A

incomplete dominance

105
Q

White dog + black dog= grey dog?

A

incomplete dominance

106
Q

violates the law of codominance. occurs when both alleles are equally strong, meaning neither are dominant or recessive

A

codominance

107
Q

White chick+Black chick = white & black chick

A

Codominance

108
Q

Traits controlled by a single gene with more than 2 alleles. Are 3 or more possible alleles for one individual traits

A

Multiple alleles

109
Q

Some traits can be inherited by male or female only but not both female and male

A

Sex Inherited traits

110
Q

Phenotypic characteristics that are specific only in one of the 2 sexes

A

Sex limited traits

111
Q

Characteristics from autosomal chromosomes that are affected by the sex cells. Can be expressed in both sexes

A

Sex influenced traits

112
Q

occurring in conformity with the ordinary

A

Natural causes of extinction

113
Q

Characteristics that can be controlled by genes on the sex chromosomes

A

Sex linked traits-

114
Q

as more species dies, it is only making it more difficult for the survivors to find food

A

Climate change and global warming

115
Q

Can hit the earth with extreme force. The reverberations can be felt around the world and impact site can be completely destroyed and life can be wiped out

A

asteroids

116
Q

radiation being emitted from outer space and the sun

A

cosmic radiation

117
Q

forms when sulfur dioxide and/or nitrogen oxides are put out into the atmosphere. Chemicals get absorbed by water droplets in the clouds and falls to the earth as acid precipitation. Danger to the life of plants and animals.

A

Acid rain

118
Q

with the changing climate and landscape certain species are losing their ability to fend off disease causing it to become more susceptible to disease and epidemics

A

diseases

119
Q

results in flooding, salt water contamination of the soil and destruction of habitats

A

rising sea level

120
Q

has a big impact to marine ecosystem. It can lessen food supply of certain marine species

A

change in water currents

121
Q

the primary cause of species extinction worldwide

A

Habitat degradation and habitat loss

122
Q

Although climate changes by nature, human activities are accountable for the rapid increase in Earth’s temperature.

A

climate change

123
Q

causes global warming. Wastes & other chemicals from factories, pesticides, fertilizers, contaminate land, water and air

A

pollution

124
Q

illegal capturing and killing of non domesticated animals

A

poaching

PT 1 Q1 (3 decks)

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