Science Flashcards
species
same kind of living organism
Biological Diversity
The variety of species and ecosystems on earth
population
Group of individuals of the same species living in a area
Ecosystem
A environment where living things interact
Community
A group of population of different species living together in the same place
symbiosis
a relationship between 2 species
commensalism
A relationship where one is one does not benefit or is harmed and the other benefits
Mutualism
A relationship where both benefit
Parasitism
A relationship where one benefits and the other is harmed
Interspecies competition
2 or more species using the same limited resources
Niche
the role of a living organism
Resource partitioning
Division of a resource among 2 or more species
Variability
Variations between a species
Natural selection
Environment chooses which indualvids survive or die
Heritable Characteristics
Characteristics that are passed down from generation to generation EX:Eye color
Non-Heritable Characteristics
Characteristics caused by the environment (not passed down from generations)EX:Dyed hair
Discrete Variation
Either/or characteristics
Continuous variation
Characteristics that have a range and change throughout life EX:Height
Asexual reproduction
Involves one parent and without the use of sex cells
Binary fission
A type of Asexual reproduction where the organism splits in 2
Budding
A type of Asexual reproduction in which a new organism develops from a outgrowth
Spores
A cell produced by asexual reproduction in some organisms
Vegetative Reproduction
Asexual reproduction in plants that don’t make a seed
Sexual reproduction
Reproduction involving the exchange of male/female sex cells
Gametes
A sex cell
Fertilization
Union of female sex cell and male sex cell
Zygote
A fertilized egg
Cleavage
The first divisions of a fertilized egg
Embryo
A underdeveloped organism in its starting stages
Cross pollination
The transfer of pollen from the anther of one plant to the stigma of another
Cross fertilization
The joining of a gamete from a pollen grain and a gamete from a ovule to form a zygote
DNA
Genetic material found mainly in the nuclei of cells
Genetic code
arrangement of 4 chemical letters
Chromosomes
a structure in which DNA is arranged and along which are located
Gene
A segment of DNA
Allels
a possible form of a gene
mitosis
a type of cell division that produces 2 similar daughter cells
meiosis
a type of cell division that produces 4 sex cells from 1 parent
trait
characteristics of an organism
purebred
plant or animal with same ancestors and same form of trait
Hybrid
a organism produced by crossing 2 different purebreds for a trait
dominant trait
the outward form observed when 2 opposite acting alleles are inherited
recessive trait
the outward form observed when 2 same, non dominant alleles are inherited
Incomplete dominance
A pattern of inheritance seen when 2 different alleles are present at the same gene location
Extinction
no longer in existence on the planet
Extirpation
Extinction of a organism in a specific place
Clone
A genetically identical copy of an entire organism or of its cells or genes
Artificial insemination
Artificial collection and injection of sperm from a male into a female
In vitro fertilization
Fertilization that happens outside the body, usually in a petri dish
Genetic engineering
The intentional altering of the DNA of an organism or a population of organisms
In-situ conservation
The maintenance of wild organisms within their functioning ecosystems
Ex-situ conservation
The maintenance of organisms outside of their ecosystems or natural habitats
Poop
Caca
