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ATI TEAS 7. > Science > Flashcards

Science Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of mitochondria in cells?

A

Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell, generating most of the cell’s supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), used as a source of chemical energy.

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2
Q

What are the four types of macromolecules essential for all living organisms?

A

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

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3
Q

What is the principle of inheritance discovered by Gregor Mendel?

A

Mendel’s principle of inheritance states that genes come in pairs and are inherited as distinct units, one from each parent.

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4
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

Homeostasis is the ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in external conditions.

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5
Q

What is DNA and its function?

A

DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the hereditary material in humans and almost all other organisms. Its main function is to store instructions for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of all known organisms.

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6
Q

What distinguishes a prokaryotic cell from a eukaryotic cell?

A

Prokaryotic cells do not contain a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles, whereas eukaryotic cells do.

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7
Q

What is osmosis?

A

Osmosis is the movement of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration.

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8
Q

What is an atom?

A

An atom is the smallest unit of ordinary matter that forms a chemical element.

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9
Q

What are antibodies and their function?

A

Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system to help stop intruders, such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi, from harming the body.

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10
Q

What is the law of conservation of mass?

A

The law of conservation of mass states that mass in an isolated system is neither created nor destroyed by chemical reactions or physical transformations

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11
Q

What is an ion?

A

An ion is an atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons.

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12
Q

What is photosynthesis’ chemical equation?

A

6𝐶𝑂2+6𝐻2𝑂+light energy→𝐶6𝐻12𝑂6+6𝑂26CO2+6H2O+light energy→C6H12O6+6O2.

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13
Q

What is a neuron?

A

A neuron is a nerve cell that is the basic building block of the nervous system, responsible for carrying messages throughout the body in the form of electrical impulses.

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14
Q

What role do platelets play in the human body?

A

Platelets are a component of blood whose function is to stop bleeding by clumping and clotting blood vessel injuries.

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15
Q

What defines a chemical element?

A

A chemical element is a species of atoms having the same number of protons in their atomic nuclei.

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16
Q

What is the pH scale?

A

The pH scale measures how acidic or basic a substance is, ranging from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral, values less than 7 acidic, and values greater than 7 basic.

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17
Q

What are vaccines and how do they work?

A

Vaccines stimulate the body’s own immune system to protect the person against subsequent infection or disease.

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18
Q

What are fossils?

A

Fossils are the preserved remains or traces of animals, plants, and other organisms from the remote past.

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19
Q

What is a habitat?

A

A habitat is the natural home or environment of an animal, plant, or other organism.

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20
Q

What is the scientific method?

A

The scientific method is a systematic process used for research that involves making observations, forming a hypothesis, conducting experiments, and drawing conclusions.

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21
Q

What are the three types of muscle tissue in the human body?

A

Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle.

22
Q

What is genetic mutation?

A

A genetic mutation is a permanent alteration in the DNA sequence that makes up a gene, which can affect how a gene functions.

23
Q

What is the role of chlorophyll in plants?

A

Chlorophyll is a pigment found in plants that absorbs light energy used to carry out photosynthesis.

24
Q

What causes tides on Earth?

A

Tides are caused primarily by the gravitational pull of the moon on Earth’s oceans.

25
Q

What distinguishes renewable energy sources from nonrenewable ones?

A

Renewable energy sources, like solar and wind, naturally replenish themselves and are sustainable, unlike nonrenewable sources, such as oil and coal, which can deplete.

26
Q

What is an allele?

A

An allele is one of two or more versions of a gene. An individual inherits two alleles for each gene, one from each parent.

27
Q

What is a compound in chemistry?

A

A compound is a substance formed when two or more chemical elements are chemically bonded together.

28
Q

What is a catalyst in a chemical reaction?

A

A catalyst is a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction but is not consumed by the reaction itself.

29
Q

What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?

A

Mitosis is a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus, typical of ordinary tissue growth. Meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, creating four haploid cells, each genetically distinct from the parent cell, typical of sexual reproduction.

30
Q

What is thermodynamics?

A

Thermodynamics is the branch of physics that deals with the relationships between heat and other forms of energy.

31
Q

What is sedimentation in the water cycle?

A

Sedimentation is the process by which particles in suspension settle out of the fluid in which they are entrained, and come to rest against a barrier.

32
Q

What is the Krebs cycle?

A

The Krebs cycle, also known as the citric acid cycle, is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to release stored energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.

33
Q

What role does carbon dioxide play in Earth’s atmosphere?

A

Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that traps heat in the atmosphere, contributing to the greenhouse effect and global warming.

34
Q

What is a vaccine and how does it work?

A

A vaccine introduces a weakened or inactive part of a particular organism (antigen) into your body to stimulate the immune system’s production of antibodies, which will recognize and fight the organism if the body is later exposed

35
Q

What are the major parts of the human brain and their functions?

A

The major parts include the cerebrum (responsible for higher mental functions), the cerebellum (coordinates movement), and the brainstem (controls basic life functions like breathing).

36
Q

What is photosynthesis and where does it occur?

A

Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water. It primarily occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells.

37
Q

What is an ecological niche?

A

An ecological niche is the role and position a species has in its environment; how it meets its needs for food and shelter, how it survives, and how it reproduces.

38
Q

What is DNA replication?

A

DNA replication is the process by which a double-stranded DNA molecule is copied to produce two identical DNA molecules.

39
Q

What are renewable resources?

A

Renewable resources are natural resources that can be replenished naturally with the passage of time, such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, and geothermal heat.

40
Q

What is acid rain and its effects?

A

Acid rain is rain that has been made acidic by certain pollutants in the air. It can have harmful effects on plants, aquatic animals, and infrastructure.

41
Q

What is genetic engineering?

A

Genetic engineering is the direct manipulation of an organism’s genes using biotechnology.

42
Q

What is a pandemic?

A

A pandemic is an outbreak of a disease that occurs on a global scale, spreading across multiple countries or continents.

43
Q

What is photosensitivity in plants?

A

Photosensitivity is the ability of plants to detect and respond to light to optimize their growth and development.

44
Q

What are the three laws of motion formulated by Sir Isaac Newton?

A

1) An object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by an external force. 2) The acceleration of an object depends on the mass of the object and the amount of force applied. 3) For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

45
Q

What is a supernova?

A

A supernova is a powerful and luminous explosion of a star, often resulting in a bright, short-lived object that emits vast amounts of energy.

46
Q

What is the role of chloroplasts in plant cells?

A

Chloroplasts are the site of photosynthesis in plant cells, where they convert light energy into sugars that can be used by the cell.

47
Q

What is a polymer?

A

A polymer is a large molecule, or macromolecule, composed of many repeated subunits, known as monomers.

48
Q

What is a sedimentary rock?

A

Sedimentary rocks are types of rock that are formed by the accumulation or deposition of mineral or organic particles at the Earth’s surface, followed by cementation.

49
Q

What is an allele frequency?

A

Allele frequency is the proportion of all copies of a gene that share a particular form.

50
Q

What is genetic drift?

A

Genetic drift is a change in allele frequencies in a population, due to random sampling of organisms.

ATI TEAS 7. (4 decks)

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