Science Flashcards
1
Q
Cranial
A
Skull
2
Q
Cephalic
A
head
3
Q
Occipital
A
Base of skull
4
Q
temporal
A
temple
5
Q
orbital/ocular
A
eye
6
Q
Otic
A
ear
7
Q
Buccal
A
Cheek
8
Q
Mental
A
Chin
9
Q
Cervical
A
neck
10
Q
sternal
A
breastbone
11
Q
thoracic
A
chest
12
Q
acromial
A
shoulder
13
Q
scapular
A
shoulder blade
14
Q
vertebral
A
spinal column
15
Q
lumbar
A
lowerback
16
Q
A
16
Q
dorsal
A
back
17
Q
axillary
A
armpitb
18
Q
brachial
A
arm
19
Q
antecubital
A
front of elbow
20
Q
olecranal or cubital
A
back of elbow
21
Q
antebrachial
A
forearm
22
Q
carpal
A
wrist
23
Q
pollex
A
thumb
24
dorsum
back of hand
25
umbilical
naval
26
coxa
hip
27
sacral
between hips
28
inguinal
groin
29
femoral
thigh
30
popliteal
back of knee
31
Patella
knee
32
crural
shin
33
sural
calf
34
pedal
foot
35
tarsal
ankle
36
anterior
towards the front
37
posterior
towards the back
38
superior
towards head
39
inferior
towards feet
40
medial
towards the midline (chest)
41
lateral
away from medial
42
proximal
closer to trunk of body
43
distal
further from trunk
44
Sagittal
vertical plane dividing body into right and left halves
45
Frontal
Vertical plane dividing the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) halves
46
Transverse
Horizontal plane dividing body into superior and inferior halves
47
What is the respiratory system responsible for?
taking in oxygen from the environment and releasing carbon dioxide
48
What is the structure of the respiratory system?
nose, nostrils, mouth, throat, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, right lung, left lung
49
The Larynx is also known as _________
the voice box
50
what is alveoli?
little sacs located at the end of the bronchioles where gas exchange takes place
51
how many bronchi do we have?
two left and right ones that lead from the trachea into the lungs
52
why does the left lung only have 2 sections?
that is where the heart sits so we need some more room
53
how many sections in your right lung?? left lung?
3 in the right and 2 in the left
54
When you breathe in your diaphragm ________ and when you exhale it _______
contracts, expands
55
when carbon dioxide is released from alveoli into lungs it is known as ______
ventilation
56
the 2 main functions of the respiratory system are...
oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange
maintain the pH of the blood
57
how do pH and the respiratory system work together?
when the blood in our body becomes too acidic, the respiratory system works overdrive to remove excess acid through the respiratory by blowing off carbon dioxide.
58
what is the cardiovascular system made of?
the heart, blood vessels and blood
59
what are the 4 chambers of the heart
right atrium left atrium right ventricle left ventricle
60
what is the septum?
septum is a wall that separates left and right side of our heart chambers
61
what are the 3 major types of blood vessels??
arteries veins and capillaries
62
What do arteries do?
They carry oxygen-rich blood away from heart to organs
63
what do veins do?
They carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart
64
what do capillaries do?
they connect arteries and veins where the exchange of nutrients take place
65
What are the two cycles of the cardiac cycle?
systole and diastole
66
what is systole?
contraction of the heart (lub sound)
67
what is diastole?
relaxation of the heart (dub sound)
68
During systole where is the blood going?
it is pumped out of the heart and into the arteries. the tricuspid valves close and that's when the sound (lub)
69
What happens during diastole?
blood flows into the heart and the semilunar valves are closing so it fills up the heart.
70
what are tricuspid valves?
mitrial and triscuspid valve
71
what are semilunar valves?
pulmonary and aortic
72
what are the parts of the hearts electrical system?
SA node, AV node, bundle of His, left and right bundle branch, and Purkinje fibers
73
Where is the SA node?
upper right atrium
74
where is the AV node
junction between the atria and ventricles
75
What is the primary pacemaker of the heart?
the SA node
76
what would happen if the SA node gave up?
the next pacemaker would take over the atrioventricular node.
77
What would happen if both the SA and AV nodes gave up?
the Purkinje fibers would kick in and they beat really slow
78
what is the order of the blood flow through the cardiovascular system?
deoxygenated blood - veins - right atrium - right ventricle - lungs - oxygenated blood - lungs -left atrium - left ventricle - aorta - body
79
what are the main functions of the CV system?
deliver oxygen and nutrients to the cells of the body
maintains blood pressure
regulates body temp
maintains body pH
transporting hormones, fighting infections, digestion, repairing
80
what are the parts of the digestive system?
mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum
81
what is an example of mechanical digestion?
breaking down food with our teeth
82
what is an example of chemical digestion?
saliva releases amylase and lipase to begin the breakdown of food chemically.
83
what is peristalsis?
it is the contraction of muscles within the esophagus to help move food down into the stomach.
84
what is the function of gastric acid?
kills bacteria, denatures proteins, activates digestive enzymes
85
what are the components of the small intestine?
duodenum, jejunum, and illeum
86
what are the parts of the large intestine?
cecum colon and rectum
87
what does the large intestine absorb?
water electrolytes and vitamins
88
what are the 2 parts of the nervous system?
Central and peripheral
89
what is the central nervous system?
composed of brain and spinal cord and it is where all communication occur from the body
90
What is the peripheral nervous system?
these are the nerves that branch off from the spinal cord. Signals are sent by the brain to targeted locations
91
what are the 3 parts of a neuron?
cell body, dendrites, and axon
92
what is the cell body of a neuron?
contains the nucleus and organelles
93
what is the dendrite of a neuron?
short extensions like a branch that generate electrical impulses
94
what is an axon?
long extensions that send signals to other neurons
95
what are the two types of neurons?
sesnory (afferent) and motor (efferent)
96
what is the difference between afferent and efferent neurons?
afferent neurons send messges to the central nervous system efferent send messages to muscles.
97
what are the 2 types of efferent neurons?
somatic (voluntary actions of muscles) autonomic (involuntary)
98
what are the 3 types of muscle tissues?
skeletal cardiac and smooth
99
what is skeletal muscle?
muscle attached to bones responsible for movement and is fully voluntary
100
what is cardiac muscle?
muscle found in the heart and helps pump blood in the body
101
what is smooth muscle?
this is found in the organ and vessel walls (stomach intestines and blood vessels)
102
what is a physical characteristic of skeletal muscle?
striations
103
what is a physical characteristic of cardiac muscle?
striations
104
what is a physical characteristic of smooth muscle?
not striated
105
what is the weakest muscle tissue?
smooth muscle
106
what is the order of nerve impulses?
originate in brain, sent to spinal cord, axon, muscle nerve, and muscle fiber
107
what is the male reproductive system made of?
testes, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicle, prostate gland, and penis
108
what do testes produce?
sperm and testosterone
109
what is the vas deferens
a long thin tube that takes sperm from the epididymis to the seminal vesicle
110
what is the epididymis?
a long coiled tube that stores and transports sperm
111
what is the seminal vesicle?
sac-like structure that produces fluids that nourish the sperm
112
what is the prostate?
an organ that produces a fluid that helps transport sperm
113
what is the female reproductive system made of?
ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, and vulva
114
what is the gonadotropin-releasing hormone?
stimulates the release of FSH and luteinizing hormones from the pituitary
115
where is the GRH produced?
in the hypothalamus
116
What is the follicle stimulating hormone??
helps stimulate growth of eggs in ovaries
117
what is the LH?
helps trigger ovulation
118
what is testosterone?
helps produce sperm
119
what is estrogen?
hormone that helps develop female characteristics and regulates menstrual cycle
120
what is the largest organ in the body?
skin
121
what are the 3 layers of the skin?
epidermis dermis and hypodermis
122
what is the epidermis?
outermost layer of skin helps protect from infections
123
what is the dermis
middle layer of skin that has blood vessels nerves and hair follicle
124
what is the hypodermis
inner layer of the skin that has fat and connective tissue.
125
