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TEAS > Science > Flashcards

Science Flashcards

1
Q

Cranial

A

Skull

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2
Q

Cephalic

A

head

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3
Q

Occipital

A

Base of skull

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4
Q

temporal

A

temple

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5
Q

orbital/ocular

A

eye

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6
Q

Otic

A

ear

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7
Q

Buccal

A

Cheek

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8
Q

Mental

A

Chin

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9
Q

Cervical

A

neck

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10
Q

sternal

A

breastbone

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11
Q

thoracic

A

chest

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12
Q

acromial

A

shoulder

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13
Q

scapular

A

shoulder blade

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14
Q

vertebral

A

spinal column

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15
Q

lumbar

A

lowerback

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16
Q
A
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16
Q

dorsal

A

back

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17
Q

axillary

A

armpitb

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18
Q

brachial

A

arm

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19
Q

antecubital

A

front of elbow

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20
Q

olecranal or cubital

A

back of elbow

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21
Q

antebrachial

A

forearm

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22
Q

carpal

A

wrist

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23
Q

pollex

A

thumb

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24
Q

dorsum

A

back of hand

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25
Q

umbilical

A

naval

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26
Q

coxa

A

hip

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27
Q

sacral

A

between hips

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28
Q

inguinal

A

groin

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29
Q

femoral

A

thigh

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30
Q

popliteal

A

back of knee

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31
Q

Patella

A

knee

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32
Q

crural

A

shin

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33
Q

sural

A

calf

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34
Q

pedal

A

foot

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35
Q

tarsal

A

ankle

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36
Q

anterior

A

towards the front

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37
Q

posterior

A

towards the back

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38
Q

superior

A

towards head

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39
Q

inferior

A

towards feet

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40
Q

medial

A

towards the midline (chest)

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41
Q

lateral

A

away from medial

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42
Q

proximal

A

closer to trunk of body

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43
Q

distal

A

further from trunk

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44
Q

Sagittal

A

vertical plane dividing body into right and left halves

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45
Q

Frontal

A

Vertical plane dividing the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) halves

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46
Q

Transverse

A

Horizontal plane dividing body into superior and inferior halves

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47
Q

What is the respiratory system responsible for?

A

taking in oxygen from the environment and releasing carbon dioxide

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48
Q

What is the structure of the respiratory system?

A

nose, nostrils, mouth, throat, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, right lung, left lung

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49
Q

The Larynx is also known as _________

A

the voice box

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50
Q

what is alveoli?

A

little sacs located at the end of the bronchioles where gas exchange takes place

51
Q

how many bronchi do we have?

A

two left and right ones that lead from the trachea into the lungs

52
Q

why does the left lung only have 2 sections?

A

that is where the heart sits so we need some more room

53
Q

how many sections in your right lung?? left lung?

A

3 in the right and 2 in the left

54
Q

When you breathe in your diaphragm ________ and when you exhale it _______

A

contracts, expands

55
Q

when carbon dioxide is released from alveoli into lungs it is known as ______

A

ventilation

56
Q

the 2 main functions of the respiratory system are…

A

oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange
maintain the pH of the blood

57
Q

how do pH and the respiratory system work together?

A

when the blood in our body becomes too acidic, the respiratory system works overdrive to remove excess acid through the respiratory by blowing off carbon dioxide.

58
Q

what is the cardiovascular system made of?

A

the heart, blood vessels and blood

59
Q

what are the 4 chambers of the heart

A

right atrium left atrium right ventricle left ventricle

60
Q

what is the septum?

A

septum is a wall that separates left and right side of our heart chambers

61
Q

what are the 3 major types of blood vessels??

A

arteries veins and capillaries

62
Q

What do arteries do?

A

They carry oxygen-rich blood away from heart to organs

63
Q

what do veins do?

A

They carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart

64
Q

what do capillaries do?

A

they connect arteries and veins where the exchange of nutrients take place

65
Q

What are the two cycles of the cardiac cycle?

A

systole and diastole

66
Q

what is systole?

A

contraction of the heart (lub sound)

67
Q

what is diastole?

A

relaxation of the heart (dub sound)

68
Q

During systole where is the blood going?

A

it is pumped out of the heart and into the arteries. the tricuspid valves close and that’s when the sound (lub)

69
Q

What happens during diastole?

A

blood flows into the heart and the semilunar valves are closing so it fills up the heart.

70
Q

what are tricuspid valves?

A

mitrial and triscuspid valve

71
Q

what are semilunar valves?

A

pulmonary and aortic

72
Q

what are the parts of the hearts electrical system?

A

SA node, AV node, bundle of His, left and right bundle branch, and Purkinje fibers

73
Q

Where is the SA node?

A

upper right atrium

74
Q

where is the AV node

A

junction between the atria and ventricles

75
Q

What is the primary pacemaker of the heart?

A

the SA node

76
Q

what would happen if the SA node gave up?

A

the next pacemaker would take over the atrioventricular node.

77
Q

What would happen if both the SA and AV nodes gave up?

A

the Purkinje fibers would kick in and they beat really slow

78
Q

what is the order of the blood flow through the cardiovascular system?

A

deoxygenated blood - veins - right atrium - right ventricle - lungs - oxygenated blood - lungs -left atrium - left ventricle - aorta - body

79
Q

what are the main functions of the CV system?

A

deliver oxygen and nutrients to the cells of the body
maintains blood pressure
regulates body temp
maintains body pH
transporting hormones, fighting infections, digestion, repairing

80
Q

what are the parts of the digestive system?

A

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum

81
Q

what is an example of mechanical digestion?

A

breaking down food with our teeth

82
Q

what is an example of chemical digestion?

A

saliva releases amylase and lipase to begin the breakdown of food chemically.

83
Q

what is peristalsis?

A

it is the contraction of muscles within the esophagus to help move food down into the stomach.

84
Q

what is the function of gastric acid?

A

kills bacteria, denatures proteins, activates digestive enzymes

85
Q

what are the components of the small intestine?

A

duodenum, jejunum, and illeum

86
Q

what are the parts of the large intestine?

A

cecum colon and rectum

87
Q

what does the large intestine absorb?

A

water electrolytes and vitamins

88
Q

what are the 2 parts of the nervous system?

A

Central and peripheral

89
Q

what is the central nervous system?

A

composed of brain and spinal cord and it is where all communication occur from the body

90
Q

What is the peripheral nervous system?

A

these are the nerves that branch off from the spinal cord. Signals are sent by the brain to targeted locations

91
Q

what are the 3 parts of a neuron?

A

cell body, dendrites, and axon

92
Q

what is the cell body of a neuron?

A

contains the nucleus and organelles

93
Q

what is the dendrite of a neuron?

A

short extensions like a branch that generate electrical impulses

94
Q

what is an axon?

A

long extensions that send signals to other neurons

95
Q

what are the two types of neurons?

A

sesnory (afferent) and motor (efferent)

96
Q

what is the difference between afferent and efferent neurons?

A

afferent neurons send messges to the central nervous system efferent send messages to muscles.

97
Q

what are the 2 types of efferent neurons?

A

somatic (voluntary actions of muscles) autonomic (involuntary)

98
Q

what are the 3 types of muscle tissues?

A

skeletal cardiac and smooth

99
Q

what is skeletal muscle?

A

muscle attached to bones responsible for movement and is fully voluntary

100
Q

what is cardiac muscle?

A

muscle found in the heart and helps pump blood in the body

101
Q

what is smooth muscle?

A

this is found in the organ and vessel walls (stomach intestines and blood vessels)

102
Q

what is a physical characteristic of skeletal muscle?

A

striations

103
Q

what is a physical characteristic of cardiac muscle?

A

striations

104
Q

what is a physical characteristic of smooth muscle?

A

not striated

105
Q

what is the weakest muscle tissue?

A

smooth muscle

106
Q

what is the order of nerve impulses?

A

originate in brain, sent to spinal cord, axon, muscle nerve, and muscle fiber

107
Q

what is the male reproductive system made of?

A

testes, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicle, prostate gland, and penis

108
Q

what do testes produce?

A

sperm and testosterone

109
Q

what is the vas deferens

A

a long thin tube that takes sperm from the epididymis to the seminal vesicle

110
Q

what is the epididymis?

A

a long coiled tube that stores and transports sperm

111
Q

what is the seminal vesicle?

A

sac-like structure that produces fluids that nourish the sperm

112
Q

what is the prostate?

A

an organ that produces a fluid that helps transport sperm

113
Q

what is the female reproductive system made of?

A

ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, and vulva

114
Q

what is the gonadotropin-releasing hormone?

A

stimulates the release of FSH and luteinizing hormones from the pituitary

115
Q

where is the GRH produced?

A

in the hypothalamus

116
Q

What is the follicle stimulating hormone??

A

helps stimulate growth of eggs in ovaries

117
Q

what is the LH?

A

helps trigger ovulation

118
Q

what is testosterone?

A

helps produce sperm

119
Q

what is estrogen?

A

hormone that helps develop female characteristics and regulates menstrual cycle

120
Q

what is the largest organ in the body?

A

skin

121
Q

what are the 3 layers of the skin?

A

epidermis dermis and hypodermis

122
Q

what is the epidermis?

A

outermost layer of skin helps protect from infections

123
Q

what is the dermis

A

middle layer of skin that has blood vessels nerves and hair follicle

124
Q

what is the hypodermis

A

inner layer of the skin that has fat and connective tissue.

125
Q
A

TEAS (1 decks)

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