Science Flashcards
What is current?
Flow of electrical charge (one loop).
What is diffusion?
Movement of particles from high concentration to low concentration.
What is the charge of a proton?
Positive
What is the charge of an electron?
Negative
Name of a circuit with only one loop
Series circuit
Which type of blood vessels has valves?
Veins, arteries
How are the roots of a plant adapted?
Large surface area
What does compound mean?
2 or more elements chemically combined
What does atomic number shows?
The number of Protons.
What does photosynthesis mean?
Process which plants use sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to create oxygen and energy in the form of sugar.
What does mass number tells us?
Total number of protons and neutrons.
What does population mean?
Number of individuals of the same species living in the same area at the same time.
What does community mean?
Small group of people who all live in the same area, near to one another.
What does ecosystem mean?
Interaction between a community and non living parts of the environment
What are Abiotic factors?
Non living Environment Factors
3 Examples of abiotic factors.
Temperature, light intensity and moisture levels.
What is a Biotic factor
Living factor
3 Examples of Biotic factors.
Predators, disease and food availability.
What is interdependence?
Organisms depend on each other for survival.
Two examples of things species depend on each other for.
Food and shelter.
What is a Stable Community?
Populations of organisms relatively stay the same.
Define Biomass
Mass of a living organisms.
What are producers?
Organisms that can make their own food
What are Isotopes?
Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons
What are the 4 levels of organisation within an ecosystem? (smallest to largest)
Organism, population, community and ecosystem.
What are the 2 types of cells?
Plant and Animal.
What are cells?
Cells are the smaller units of life and the building blocks for all organisms.
What are eukaryotic cells?
Complex cells that contain a nucleus and other membrane - bound organelles.
What are prokaryotic cells?
Simple cells that has no nucleus and other membrane - bound organelles.
2 Examples of Eukaryotic cells
Plant and animal cells.
What is a unicellular organism?
Living thing that is just one cell.
What is a multicellular organism?
Made of lots of cells (not just one cell).
What are organelles?
Small organ-like that you can find in a cell.
Name the organelles found in an Animal cell?
Cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes and cell membrane.
Function of Nucleus?
Controls cell activities and contains DNA
Function of Cytoplasm?
Jelly-like substance where chemical reactions occur.
What does Osmosis mean?
The movement of water molecules from high con
Function of Chloroplast?
Absorbs light energy for photosynthesis.
Function of Mitochondria?
Energy is released for respiration.
Function of DNA Loop?
Carries genetic information.
Function of Cell membrane?
Controls what goes in and out of the cell.
Function of Vacuole?
Storage organelles for water.
Function of Cell Wall?
Strengths the cell and gives a structure to the cell.
Function of Plasmid?
Small ring of Dna which codes for specific functions.
Function of Ribosomes?
Protein Synthesis.
What is an ion?
Atom with a charge.
How are the organization of life is ordered as following from the smallest to largest.
cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism.
What is an exothermic reaction?
Heat energy is released to the surroundings.
What is endothermic reaction?
Absorb energy from the surroundings.
What is sensitivity?
Reacting to your surroundings.
What is potential energy?
Stored Energy.
What is the Activation Energy?
Minimum amount of Energy needed for a reaction to take place.
What is combustion?
Combustion is another name for burning.
Define Element?
One type of atom only.
What does the pH of a solution tell you?
How acidic or alkaline it is.
Give an example of a physical change.
Melting chocolate
The carbon cycle is made up of four processes, what are they?
Photosynthesis, combustion, respiration and decomposition.
Put the following in order, starting with the smallest: tissue, organism, organs, organ systems, cells
cells, tissues, organ, organ systems, organism
State the unit of force.
Newtons
What are balanced forces?
Forces of the same size in opposite directions.
What is the equation to calculate speed?
Speed = Distance ÷ Time
What is the equation to calculate Density?
Density = Mass ÷ Volume
What is sublimation?
Change of state from a solid to a gas.
Name seven different types of renewable energy.
Wind, solar, tidal, HEP, geothermal, biogas, waves.
What is the equation for Magnification?
Magnification = Size of image ÷ Size of real object.
What is the equation for Pressure?
Pressure = Force ÷ Area (Answer in Pascals.)
What is Pressure?
When particles hit a surface and they create a force.
What is an enzyme?
Biological substance breaks down large molecules to small molecules.
What is a hormone?
Chemical messengers.
What is density?
How much matter there is in a given volume.
How many strands make up a DNA double helix?
2
Describe the structure of DNA molecule?
Polymer that is made up of 2 stands.
What is meant by term Genome?
All the genetic information of an organism.
What is Ionic Bonding?
Metal atoms bonding with non-metal atom.
What is digestion?
Break down of large molecules into smaller molecules.
Specific latent Heat?
Amount of energy needed to change 1kg of a substance from one state to another without changing its temperature.
Root Hair Cells?
Cells that allows the plant to absorb more water. They also allow a plant to take in the minerals it needs to survive.
What are chromosomes?
Chromosomes are structures found in the nucleus of most cells.
Name 3 specialised animal cells
Red blood cells, Sperm, eggs, nerve cells
What is the process by which cells specialize?
Cell differentiation
What is differentiation?
Differentiation is the process by which different types of cells develop their specific set of cell structures and become specialised.
When does differentiation occur?
This occurs as cells develop and mature
What happens during cell differentiation?
Changes in gene expression and cell structure.
What is the function of a Nerve Cell?
Carry messages all over the body very quickly.
How do nerve cells adapt to their function?
Nerve cells adapt to their function through their unique structure, electrical excitability, and specialised connections.
What is the function of the palisade cell?
Palisade cells are at the top of the leaves to maximise photosynthesis.
What is the function of the meristem cells?
Allows for plants to grow and repair damaged tissue
We need oxygen to release energy
We need oxygen to release energy
What is aerobic respiration?
Respiration is the presence of oxygen
What is anaerobic respiration?
Respiration without oxygen
alveoli where Gas exchange occurs
alveoli where Gas exchange occurs
Earth’s atmosphere is 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 1.0% argon, 0.04% carbon dioxide
Earth’s atmosphere is 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 1.0% argon, 0.04% carbon dioxide
Double circulatory system definition?
Blood passes through the heart twice on each loop around the body. It travels from the heart to the lungs, to the heart, to the rest of the body before returning to the heart.
Enzymes?
biological catalyst
