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Term 2 > science > Flashcards

science Flashcards

1
Q

what does the placenta do?

A

exchanges nutrients and waste from the mother to the foetus

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2
Q

what is the placenta?

A

A disc shaped filtration system

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3
Q

What connects the placenta to the foetus?

A

The umbilical cord

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4
Q

How does the placenta give the foetus nutrients?

A

It implants into the uterus wall and food and oxygen from the mothers blood passes through the placenta and then to the foetus

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5
Q

What is the egg called in the first 8 weeks (not including the first 2)?

A

embryo and its still developing specialised cells

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6
Q

What does the embryo float in?

A

amniotic fluid

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7
Q

what is the fluid protecting the baby enclosed by?

A

amnion (membrane)

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8
Q

What does the amniotic fluid do?

A

It protects the foetus by acting as a shock absorber and also maintains a constant temperature

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9
Q

Does the mothers blood mix with the embryos blood? why?

A

No becuase the mother could be a different blood type and immune system will attck it or if the foetus is a boy the female hormones will damage the foetus and maternal BP is too high.

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10
Q

How does an embryo get rid of its waste?

A

Carbon dioxide and other waste substances pass through the placenta from the embryo to the mothers blood(difusion). (then the blood will undergo normal filtration and cellular respiration)

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11
Q

What can the placenta also do?

A

stop harmful substances passing through the embryo

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12
Q

what is gestation period?

A

A period which offspring develop in the uterus

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13
Q

What does the amount of weeks pregnant refer to?

A

refers to the time since the first day of a woman’s last period

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14
Q

What are the stages of pregnancy called?

A

1st, 2nd and 3rd trimester

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15
Q

what are the 3 stages of birth?

A

labour, delivery and afterbirth (Placental delivery)

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16
Q

What is labour?

A

Dilation of the cervix to 10cm (ten hours)

Mucus plug comes away with a little blood.

Uterus contracts & cervix dilates.

Amnion usually breaks =breaking of waters.

Baby will have normally turned so that its head is
facing down.

17
Q

What is delivery?

A

Birth of the baby via the vagina (expulsion)

Contractions are strong & close together

Baby’s head is pushed face-down out the birth canal = delivery

18
Q

What is afterbirth?

A

Placental delivery

Half an hour after birth, further contractions expel the placenta
and amniotic sac

19
Q

How does the placenta form?

A

The embyryo develops finger-like projections which implant into the uterus wall and this enlarges and forms the placenta.

20
Q

what is copulation

A

sexual reproduction

21
Q

What is ejaculation

A

seamen squeezes out of the penis and serval hundred million sperm deposits near the cervix

22
Q

What do the sperm do from the cervix

A

they swim into the uterus

23
Q

Do all the sperm make it to the egg?

A

No only a few hundred survive and most die and only along the way

24
Q

What do sperm do when they encounter an egg?

A

they swarm over it’s surface

25
Q

how does the sperm fuse with the egg?

A

After one sperm manages to bury its head into
the egg, the tail breaks off and the egg surface
changes almost immediately to make sure no
other sperm can enter

26
Q

What is an egg called after it’s fertilised

A

a zygote

27
Q

What happens to the zygote

A

it begins to divide (mitosis) and travels towards the uterus

28
Q

What is a blastocyst

A

Once there are a cluster of dividing cells, the zygote is called a blastocyst.

29
Q

Which day does the blastocyst implant in the uterus wall?

A

day 5-7

30
Q

What happens to the blastocyst

A

it implants into the uterus wall

31
Q

what is implantation

A

when a blastocyst implants into the uterus wall

Term 2 (2 decks)

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