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ATI TEAS 7 > Science > Flashcards

Science Flashcards

1
Q

What is the basic unit of life in all living organisms?

A

The cell.

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2
Q

What is photosynthesis?

A

Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize nutrients from carbon dioxide and water.

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3
Q

What is the function of mitochondria in cells?

A

Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell, generating most of the cell’s supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), used as a source of chemical energy.

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4
Q

What is an ecosystem?

A

An ecosystem is a community of living organisms in conjunction with the nonliving components of their environment, interacting as a system.

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4
Q

What are the four types of macromolecules essential for all living organisms?

A

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

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5
Q

What is the principle of inheritance discovered by Gregor Mendel?

A

Mendel’s principle of inheritance states that genes come in pairs and are inherited as distinct units, one from each parent.

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6
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

Homeostasis is the ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in external conditions.

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7
Q

What is DNA and its function?

A

DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the hereditary material in humans and almost all other organisms. Its main function is to store instructions for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of all known organisms.

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7
Q

What are enzymes and their role in the body?

A

Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in the body without being consumed in the process.

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8
Q

What is the role of the ribosome in a cell?

A

Ribosomes are the sites in a cell where protein synthesis occurs.

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9
Q

What is natural selection?

A

Natural selection is the process by which biological traits become either more or less common in a population as a function of the effect on the survival and reproduction of their bearers.

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9
Q

What distinguishes a prokaryotic cell from a eukaryotic cell?

A

Prokaryotic cells do not contain a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles, whereas eukaryotic cells do.

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9
Q

What is osmosis?

A

Osmosis is the movement of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration.

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10
Q

What is an atom?

A

An atom is the smallest unit of ordinary matter that forms a chemical element.

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11
Q

What is a chemical reaction?

A

A chemical reaction involves rearrangement of the molecular or ionic structure of a substance, as opposed to a change in physical form or a nuclear reaction.

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11
Q

What are antibodies and their function?

A

Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system to help stop intruders, such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi, from harming the body.

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12
Q

What are the three states of matter?

A

Solid, liquid, and gas.

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13
Q

What is kinetic energy?

A

Kinetic energy is the energy that an object possesses due to its motion.

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14
Q

What is the law of conservation of mass?

A

The law of conservation of mass states that mass in an isolated system is neither created nor destroyed by chemical reactions or physical transformations

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15
Q

What is an ion?

A

An ion is an atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons.

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16
Q

What is photosynthesis’ chemical equation?

A

6𝐶𝑂2+6𝐻2𝑂+light energy→𝐶6𝐻12𝑂6+6𝑂26CO2+6H2O+light energy→C6H12O6+6O2.

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17
Q

What is the primary function of white blood cells?

A

White blood cells are part of the immune system and help the body fight infections and other diseases.

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18
Q

What is a neuron?

A

A neuron is a nerve cell that is the basic building block of the nervous system, responsible for carrying messages throughout the body in the form of electrical impulses.

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19
Q

What role do platelets play in the human body?

A

Platelets are a component of blood whose function is to stop bleeding by clumping and clotting blood vessel injuries.

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20
Q

What is evolution?

A

Evolution is the process by which different kinds of living organisms are thought to have developed and diversified from earlier forms during the history of the earth.

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21
Q

What defines a chemical element?

A

A chemical element is a species of atoms having the same number of protons in their atomic nuclei.

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22
Q

What is the pH scale?

A

The pH scale measures how acidic or basic a substance is, ranging from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral, values less than 7 acidic, and values greater than 7 basic.

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23
Q

What is cellular respiration?

A

Cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy, carbon dioxide, and water.

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24
Q

What are vaccines and how do they work?

A

Vaccines stimulate the body’s own immune system to protect the person against subsequent infection or disease.

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24
Q

What is a gene?

A

A gene is a unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring.

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25
Q

What are tectonic plates?

A

Tectonic plates are large pieces of Earth’s crust that move due to convection currents in the molten rock beneath the crust.

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26
Q

What is the water cycle?

A

The water cycle describes the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the Earth.

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27
Q

What are fossils?

A

Fossils are the preserved remains or traces of animals, plants, and other organisms from the remote past.

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28
Q

What is a habitat?

A

A habitat is the natural home or environment of an animal, plant, or other organism.

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29
Q

What is the scientific method?

A

The scientific method is a systematic process used for research that involves making observations, forming a hypothesis, conducting experiments, and drawing conclusions.

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30
Q

What are the three types of muscle tissue in the human body?

A

Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle.

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31
Q

What is a molecule?

A

A molecule is a group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction.

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32
Q

What is genetic mutation?

A

A genetic mutation is a permanent alteration in the DNA sequence that makes up a gene, which can affect how a gene functions.

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33
Q

What is an antibody?

A

An antibody is a blood protein produced in response to and counteracting a specific antigen. Antibodies recognize and neutralize foreign objects like bacteria and viruses.

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34
Q
  1. Question: What is an ecosystem’s biodiversity?
A

Biodiversity refers to the variety of living species within a specific ecosystem, including plants, animals, bacteria, and fungi.

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34
Q

What is the role of chlorophyll in plants?

A

Chlorophyll is a pigment found in plants that absorbs light energy used to carry out photosynthesis.

35
Q

What is the function of hemoglobin in the blood?

A

Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the body’s tissues and returns carbon dioxide from the tissues back to the lungs.

36
Q

What causes tides on Earth?

A

Tides are caused primarily by the gravitational pull of the moon on Earth’s oceans.

37
Q

What distinguishes renewable energy sources from nonrenewable ones?

A

Renewable energy sources, like solar and wind, naturally replenish themselves and are sustainable, unlike nonrenewable sources, such as oil and coal, which can deplete.

37
Q

What is the purpose of the ozone layer?

A

The ozone layer absorbs and scatters the solar ultraviolet radiation, protecting living organisms from harmful UV rays.

38
Q

What is an allele?

A

An allele is one of two or more versions of a gene. An individual inherits two alleles for each gene, one from each parent.

39
Q

What is a compound in chemistry?

A

A compound is a substance formed when two or more chemical elements are chemically bonded together.

40
Q

What is a catalyst in a chemical reaction?

A

A catalyst is a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction but is not consumed by the reaction itself.

41
Q

What is ecological succession?

A

Ecological succession is the process of change in the species structure of an ecological community over time.

42
Q

What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?

A

Mitosis is a type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the parent nucleus, typical of ordinary tissue growth. Meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, creating four haploid cells, each genetically distinct from the parent cell, typical of sexual reproduction.

42
Q

What are the major components of the atmosphere?

A

The major components of Earth’s atmosphere are nitrogen (78%), oxygen (21%), and argon (0.93%), along with various other trace gases.

43
Q

What is thermodynamics?

A

Thermodynamics is the branch of physics that deals with the relationships between heat and other forms of energy.

43
Q

What is sedimentation in the water cycle?

A

Sedimentation is the process by which particles in suspension settle out of the fluid in which they are entrained, and come to rest against a barrier.

44
Q

What is the primary source of energy for Earth’s climate system?

A

The primary source of energy for Earth’s climate system is the sun.

45
Q

What are isotopes?

A

Isotopes are variants of a particular chemical element which differ in neutron number, although all isotopes of a given element have the same number of protons.

46
Q

What is the Krebs cycle?

A

The Krebs cycle, also known as the citric acid cycle, is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to release stored energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.

47
Q

What are stem cells?

A

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells capable of giving rise to indefinitely more cells of the same type, and from which certain other kinds of cell arise by differentiation.

48
Q

What role does carbon dioxide play in Earth’s atmosphere?

A

Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that traps heat in the atmosphere, contributing to the greenhouse effect and global warming.

49
Q

What is a vaccine and how does it work?

A

A vaccine introduces a weakened or inactive part of a particular organism (antigen) into your body to stimulate the immune system’s production of antibodies, which will recognize and fight the organism if the body is later exposed

49
Q

What are the characteristics of metals?

A

Metals are typically malleable, ductile, and conductive to electricity and heat.

49
Q

What is the law of conservation of energy?

A

The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only converted from one form to another.

50
Q

What is a black hole?

A

A black hole is a region in space where the gravitational pull is so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape from it.

51
Q

What are the major parts of the human brain and their functions?

A

The major parts include the cerebrum (responsible for higher mental functions), the cerebellum (coordinates movement), and the brainstem (controls basic life functions like breathing).

52
Q

What is the periodic table?

A

The periodic table is a tabular arrangement of the chemical elements, organized on the basis of their atomic numbers, electron configurations, and recurring chemical properties.

53
Q

What is photosynthesis and where does it occur?

A

Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water. It primarily occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells.

54
Q

What is an ecological niche?

A

An ecological niche is the role and position a species has in its environment; how it meets its needs for food and shelter, how it survives, and how it reproduces.

55
Q

What are antioxidants and their role in the human body?

A

Antioxidants are molecules that fight damage by free radicals, unstable molecules that can harm cellular structures. Antioxidants provide a layer of protection for the cells and are important for health.

56
Q

How does the digestive system work?

A

The digestive system breaks down food into nutrients, which the body uses for energy, growth, and cell repair.

57
Q

What is a molecule?

A

A molecule is the smallest particle in a chemical element or compound that has the chemical properties of that element or compound.

58
Q

What is the theory of plate tectonics?

A

The theory of plate tectonics states that Earth’s outer shell is divided into several plates that glide over the mantle, the rocky inner layer above the core.

59
Q

What is DNA replication?

A

DNA replication is the process by which a double-stranded DNA molecule is copied to produce two identical DNA molecules.

60
Q

What is the role of neurotransmitters in the nervous system?

A

Neurotransmitters are chemicals that transmit signals across a synapse from one neuron to another ‘target’ neuron.

61
Q

What are renewable resources?

A

Renewable resources are natural resources that can be replenished naturally with the passage of time, such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, and geothermal heat.

61
Q

What is the function of the liver in the human body?

A

The liver processes nutrients absorbed from the small intestine, detoxifies harmful substances, metabolizes drugs, and makes blood clotting proteins.

62
Q

What is acid rain and its effects?

A

Acid rain is rain that has been made acidic by certain pollutants in the air. It can have harmful effects on plants, aquatic animals, and infrastructure.

62
Q

What is an atom’s nucleus made of?

A

The nucleus of an atom is made up of protons, which have a positive charge, and neutrons, which have no charge.

63
Q

What is genetic engineering?

A

Genetic engineering is the direct manipulation of an organism’s genes using biotechnology.

64
Q

What are the different types of rocks and how are they formed?

A

The three major types of rocks are igneous (formed from molten rock), sedimentary (formed from deposited material), and metamorphic (formed under heat and pressure).

65
Q

What are the layers of Earth’s atmosphere?

A

Earth’s atmosphere is divided into five main layers: troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere.

66
Q

What is biotechnology?

A

Biotechnology is a field of biology that involves the use of living systems and organisms to develop or make products, or any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use

67
Q

What is a pandemic?

A

A pandemic is an outbreak of a disease that occurs on a global scale, spreading across multiple countries or continents.

68
Q

What is the function of the kidneys in the human body?

A

The kidneys filter waste products from the blood and regulate the balance of water and electrolytes in the body.

69
Q

What is photosensitivity in plants?

A

Photosensitivity is the ability of plants to detect and respond to light to optimize their growth and development.

70
Q

What is the difference between a virus and a bacteria?

A

Viruses are microscopic parasites, much smaller than bacteria, that can only reproduce inside the living cells of other organisms. Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms that can live in various environments, including within and on the human body.

71
Q

What are the three laws of motion formulated by Sir Isaac Newton?

A

1) An object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by an external force. 2) The acceleration of an object depends on the mass of the object and the amount of force applied. 3) For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

72
Q

What is an exothermic reaction?

A

An exothermic reaction is a chemical reaction that releases energy by light or heat.

72
Q

What is a supernova?

A

A supernova is a powerful and luminous explosion of a star, often resulting in a bright, short-lived object that emits vast amounts of energy.

72
Q

What role do hormones play in the human body?

A

Hormones are chemical messengers produced by glands in the endocrine system; they regulate various bodily functions, including metabolism, growth, and mood.

73
Q

What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative data in scientific research?

A

Qualitative data is descriptive and conceptual, while quantitative data is numerical and can be measured.

74
Q

What are invasive species?

A

Invasive species are non-native organisms that cause harm to the environment, human health, or the economy when introduced to a new habitat.

75
Q

What is the role of chloroplasts in plant cells?

A

Chloroplasts are the site of photosynthesis in plant cells, where they convert light energy into sugars that can be used by the cell.

76
Q

What is a polymer?

A

A polymer is a large molecule, or macromolecule, composed of many repeated subunits, known as monomers.

77
Q

What is the conservation of biodiversity, and why is it important?

A

Conservation of biodiversity ensures the survival of various species and natural habitats, which is crucial for ecological balance, human well-being, and sustainable resource use.

77
Q

What is a sedimentary rock?

A

Sedimentary rocks are types of rock that are formed by the accumulation or deposition of mineral or organic particles at the Earth’s surface, followed by cementation.

78
Q

What causes earthquakes?

A

Earthquakes are caused by the sudden release of energy in the Earth’s crust that creates seismic waves.

79
Q

What is the greenhouse effect?

A

The greenhouse effect is the process by which radiation from a planet’s atmosphere warms the planet’s surface to a temperature above what it would be without its atmosphere.

79
Q

What is an allele frequency?

A

Allele frequency is the proportion of all copies of a gene that share a particular form.

80
Q

What is genetic drift?

A

Genetic drift is a change in allele frequencies in a population, due to random sampling of organisms.

81
Q

What is artificial selection?

A

Artificial selection is the intentional breeding of plants or animals. It involves choosing desirable traits in the parents to be passed on to the offspring.

82
Q

What are endothermic reactions?

A

Endothermic reactions are chemical reactions that absorb energy from their surroundings.

ATI TEAS 7 (4 decks)

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