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ENTRANCE EXAM > SCIENCE > Flashcards

SCIENCE Flashcards

1
Q

Two branches of science

A

Physical Science, Biological Science

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2
Q

The study of non-living things

A

Physical Science

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3
Q

The science of living things

A

Biological Science

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4
Q

The term biology comes from TWO greek words

A

bios means life and logos means knowledge

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5
Q

regarded as the father of Biology

A

Aristotle

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6
Q

Biology has been divided into two branches

A

Botany , Zoology

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7
Q

Deals with theoretical discussion and research about characteristics and features of plants.

A

Botany

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8
Q

Limited in subjects relating to animals

A

Zoology

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9
Q

Extensive research has been done on microorganisms, and with this, a new branch has been made, known as

A

Microbiology

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10
Q

The whole range of biology is divided into the following branches:

A

Morphology , Cytology , Histology , Physiology , Taxonomy , Genetics , Ecology , Evolution

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11
Q

Deals with both external and internal structures of organisms. The subject concerning internal structures is also known as Anatomy

A

Morphology

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12
Q

Each living organism consists of one or more cells. Structures and functions of cells are treated in this branch,

A

Cytology

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13
Q

Discussion is made on structure, location and functions of different tissues.

A

Histology

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14
Q

Include all the activities of living things eg. growth respiration, excretion, photosynthesis, and other biological activities.

A

Physiology

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15
Q

Discussion is made on identification nomenclature, and classification of plants and animals into groups and subgroups.

A

Taxonomy

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16
Q

How different characters are inherited from parent to offspring, and how the processes can be controlled and improved are brought under study and research.

A

Genetics

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17
Q

Considers the effects of environment on living organisms or living communities and also interaction between them

A

Ecology

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18
Q

Deals with the origin and successive transformations of living organisms

A

Evolution

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19
Q

Includes on members of algae

A

Phycology

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20
Q

Where fungi are treated

A

Mycology

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21
Q

Deals with viruses only

A

Virology

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22
Q

Deals with bacteria

A

Bacteriology

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23
Q

Based on study of worms only

A

Helminthology

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24
Q

Discusses insects

A

Entomology

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25
Q

Regarded as the father of Zoology

A

Aristotle

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26
Q

Wrote a book on animals and named it “Historia animalium”

A

Aristotle

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27
Q

Aristotle wrote a book on animals and named it ____

A

Historia animalium

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28
Q

Is a simple one celled animal

A

AMOEBA

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29
Q

lives in ponds, rivers, and other freshwater pools.

A

Amoeba

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30
Q

Amoeba appears as a ___ and ___ drop of jelly when viewed under a microscope.

A

colourless , transparent

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31
Q

It lacks a definite body shape because it changes its shape by producing the ____ every moment.

A

pseudopodia

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32
Q

As Amoeba’s shape is changeable, its body cannot be divided into two similar parts. This condition is called

A

asymmetry

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33
Q

In size, a full grown Amoeba generally may be from ____ mm to __ mm.

A

1/20 , 1

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34
Q

The body of Amoeba can be divided into two main parts, _____ and _____.

A

Plasmalema , Protoplasm.

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35
Q

Gives the amoeba shape

A

Plasmalema

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36
Q

It helps the Amoeba to become attached to any solid surface.

A

Plasmalema

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37
Q

The thick jelly-like substance surrounded by the plasmalemma is the

A

Protoplasm

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38
Q

Protoplasm can be divided into two parts

A

Cytoplasm and Nucleus

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39
Q

Without the nucleus, the rest of the protoplasm is

A

Cytoplasm

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40
Q

Cytoplasm is divided into two parts:

A

Ectoplasm and Endoplasm.

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41
Q

The part of cytoplasm immediately behind the plasma membrane is known

A

Ectoplasm

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42
Q

The granular portion of cytoplasm which is surrounded by the ectoplasm is known as the ____.This part is semi transparent and less viscous.

A

Endoplasm

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43
Q

At the middle of the endoplasm the translucent round body seen is the ____. It cannot be clearly seen in the body of living Amoeba.

A

nucleus

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44
Q

Attempts to understand the behavior of matter extended back for more than 2500 years.

A

Chemistry

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45
Q

is sometimes referred to as “the central science” due to its interconnectedness with a vast array of other STEM disciplines

A

Chemistry

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46
Q

play vital roles in biology, medicine, materials science, forensics, environmental science, etc.

A

Chemistry

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47
Q

A tentative explanation of observations that acts as a guide for gathering and checking information.

A

hypothesis

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48
Q

The ___ of science summarize a vast number of experimental observations, and describe or predict some facet of the natural world. If such a hypothesis turns out to be capable of explaining a large body of experimental data, it can reach the status of a theory.

A

laws

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49
Q

are well-substantiated, comprehensive, testable explanations of particular aspects of nature. Theories are accepted because they provide satisfactory explanations, but they can be modified if new data become available.

A

Scientific theories

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50
Q

The path of discovery that leads from question and observation to law or hypothesis to theory, combined with experimental verification of the hypothesis and any necessary modification of the theory, is called the ____

A

scientific method

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51
Q

Chemists study and describe the behavior of matter and energy in three different domains:

A

macroscopic, microscopic, and symbolic.

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52
Q

is a Greek word that means “large.”

A

Macro

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53
Q

It is the realm of everyday things that are large enough to be sensed directly by human sight or touch. In daily life, this includes the food you eat and the breeze you feel on your face.

A

Macroscopic Domain

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54
Q

The ____ domain includes everyday and laboratory chemistry, where we observe and measure physical and chemical properties, or changes such as density, solubility, and flammability.

A

macroscopic

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55
Q

also comes from Greek and means “small.”

A

Micro

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56
Q

Some aspects of the _____ domains are visible through a microscope, such as a magnified image of graphite or bacteria.

A

microscopic

57
Q

Other components of the ____ domain include ions and electrons, protons and neutrons, and chemical bonds, each of which is far too small to see.

A

microscopic

58
Q

Contains the specialized language used to represent components of the macroscopic and microscopic domains.

A

Symbolic Domain

59
Q

Chemical symbols (such as those used in the periodic table), chemical formulas, and chemical equations are part of the _____ _____, as are graphs and drawings.

A

Symbolic Domain

60
Q

Defined as anything that occupies space and has mass, and it is all around us.

A

Matter

61
Q

What are the 3 states of matter commonly found on earth

A

Solids, liquids, and gas

62
Q

is rigid and possesses a definite shape.

A

Solid

63
Q

flows and takes the shape of a container, except that it forms a flat or slightly curved upper surface when acted upon by gravity.

A

Liquid

64
Q

takes both the shape and volume of its container.

A

Gas

65
Q

Fourth state of matter, ___, occurs naturally in the interiors of stars.

A

Plasma

66
Q

a gaseous state of matter that contains appreciable numbers of electrically charged particles.

A

Plasma

67
Q

The ____ of an object is a measure of the amount of matter in it.

A

mass

68
Q

refers to the force that gravity exerts on an object.

A

Weight

69
Q

summarizes many scientific observations about matter:

A

Law of Conservation of Matter

70
Q

It states that there is no detectable change in the total quantity of matter present when matter converts from one type to another (a chemical change) or changes among solid, liquid, or gaseous states (a physical change).

A

Law of Conservation of Matter

71
Q

the smallest particle of an element that has the properties of that element and can enter into a chemical combination.

A

Atom

72
Q

From the Greek atomos, meaning “____”

A

indivisible

73
Q

One of the smallest things we can see with our unaided eye is a single thread of a spider web.

A

Atom

74
Q

consists of two or more atoms joined by strong forces called chemical bonds.

A

Molecule

75
Q

Like atoms, ____ are incredibly small and light. If an ordinary glass of water were enlarged to the size of the earth, the water molecules inside it would be about the size of golf balls

A

molecules

76
Q

We can classify matter into several categories. Two broad categories are

A

mixtures and pure substances.

77
Q

It has a constant composition.

A

Pure Substance

78
Q

All specimens of a ____ ____- have exactly the same makeup and properties.

A

Pure substance

79
Q

We can divide pure substances into two classes:

A

elements and compounds.

80
Q

Pure substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical changes

A

Elements

81
Q

Pure substances that can be broken down by chemical changes

A

Compounds

82
Q

composed of two or more types of matter that can be present in varying amounts and can be separated by physical changes, such as evaporation

A

Mixture

83
Q

Two types of mixture

A

Heterogeneous mixture , Homogeneous mixture

84
Q

A mixture with a composition that varies from point to point

A

Heterogeneous mixture

85
Q

also called a solution, exhibits a uniform composition and appears visually the same throughout.

A

Homogeneous mixtures

86
Q

The characteristics that enable us to distinguish one substance from another are called ____.

A

properties

87
Q

a characteristic of matter that is not associated with a change in its chemical composition.

A

Physical Property

88
Q

Familiar examples of ______ _____include density, color, hardness, melting and boiling points, and electrical conductivity.

A

Physical properties

89
Q

a change in the state or properties of matter without any accompanying change in its chemical composition

A

Physical Change

90
Q

The change of one type of matter into another type (or the inability to change)

A

Chemical Property

91
Q

Examples of ____ ____ include flammability, toxicity, acidity, reactivity (many types), and heat of combustion. Iron, for example, combines with oxygen in the presence of water to form rust; chromium does not oxidize

A

chemical properties

92
Q

always produces one or more types of matter that differ from the matter present before the change.

A

Chemical Change

93
Q

Properties of matter fall into one of two categories.

A

Extensive Property , Intensive Property

94
Q

If the property depends on the amount of matter present

A

Extensive Property

95
Q

If the property of a sample of matter does not depend on the amount of matter present

A

Intensive Property

96
Q

provide the macroscopic information that is the basis of most of the hypotheses, theories, and laws that describe the behavior of matter and energy in both the macroscopic and microscopic domains of chemistry.

A

Measurements

97
Q

The number in the measurement can be represented in different ways, including ____ and ____

A

decimal form and scientific notation.

98
Q

such as liters, pounds, and centimeters, are standards of comparison for measurements

A

Units

99
Q

We usually report the results of scientific measurements in ____, an updated version of the metric system

A

SI units

100
Q

The initial units of the metric system, which eventually evolved into the SI system, were established in France during the French Revolution.

A

SI Base Units

101
Q

The standard unit of length in both the SI and original metric systems is the

A

meter (m).

102
Q

The standard unit of mass in the SI system is the

A

kilogram (kg)

103
Q

Temperature is an intensive property. The SI unit of temperature is the

A

kelvin (K)

104
Q

The SI base unit of time is the

A

second (s).

105
Q

We can derive many units from the seven SI base units. For example, we can use the base unit of length to define a unit of volume, and the base units of mass and length to define a unit of density

A

Derived SI Units

106
Q

The measure of the amount of space occupied by an object.

A

Volume

107
Q

is the volume of a cube with an edge length of exactly one centimeter.

A

Cubic centimeter (cm3)

108
Q

A cubic centimeter is also called a ____ ___ and is 1/1000 of a liter.

A

milliliter (mL)

109
Q

We use the mass and volume of a substance to determine its ___.

A

Density

110
Q

The ___ of a substance is the ratio of the mass of a sample of the substance to its volume.

A

density

111
Q

Counting is the only type of measurement that is free from uncertainty, provided the number of objects being counted does not change while the counting process is underway. The result of such a counting measurement is an example of an

A

exact number.

112
Q

The numbers of measured quantities, unlike defined or directly counted quantities, are not exact.

A

Significant figures in measurement

113
Q

Scientists typically make repeated measurements of a quantity to ensure the quality of their findings and to know both the ___ and the ___ of their results.

A

precision , accuracy

114
Q

Measurements are said to be ____ if they yield very similar results when repeated in the same manner.

A

precise

115
Q

A measurement is considered ___ if it yields a result that is very close to the true or accepted value.

A

accurate

116
Q

distance/ time

A

Speed

117
Q

distance / speed

A

Time

118
Q

Is based on the premise: the units of quantities must be subjected to the same mathematical operations as their associated numbers.

A

Dimensional analysis

119
Q

This method can be applied to computation ranging from simple unit conversions to more complex, multi-step calculation involving several different quantities.

A

Dimensional analysis

120
Q

A ratio of two equivalent quantities expressed with different measurement units can be used as a

A

unit conversion factor

121
Q

We use the word ____ to refer to the hotness or coldness of a substance.

A

temperature

122
Q

Fahrenheit to Celsius Formula

A

C = 5/9 x (F - 32)

123
Q

Celsius to Fahrenheit Formula

A

°F = (9/5 × °C) + 32.

124
Q

The smallest unit of matter that can still retain the identity of an element.

A

Atom

125
Q

An ___ consists of a central nucleus made up of protons and neutrons, and electrons that whiz around the nucleus in orbitals.

A

atom

126
Q

____ and ____ have roughly the same mass, while ____ are much lighter.

A

Protons and neutrons , electrons

127
Q

___ have a positive charge, ___ have a negative charge, and ___ have no charge.

A

Protons, electrons, neutrons

128
Q

An atom is electrically ___ because the number of protons equals the number or electrons

A

neutral

129
Q

Are ford when two or more atoms bond together.

A

Molecules

130
Q

The way atoms bond with each other determines the properties of the ___

A

molecule

131
Q

There are two main types of chemical bonds:

A

covalent bonds and ionic bonds.

132
Q

Atoms share electrons

A

Covalent Bond

133
Q

two or more ions come together and are held together by charge differences

A

Ionic Bond

134
Q

Are atoms that have gained or lost electrons, giving them an electric charge.

A

Ions

135
Q

An atom that gains one or more electrons become negatively charged

A

Anion

136
Q

An atom that loses one or more electrons becomes positively charged

A

Cation

137
Q

___ are formed when atoms lose or gain electrons in order to achieve a stable electron configuration, which is eight electrons in the other shell.

A

Ions

138
Q

Ions are attracted to each other by ___ ____(opposite charges attract)

A

electrostatic forces

ENTRANCE EXAM (1 decks)

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