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TEAS TEST > Science > Flashcards

Science Flashcards

1
Q

Superior (cranial)

A

Toward the head of the body or body structure; above another part of the body

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2
Q

Inferior (Caudal)

A

Toward the lower end of the body or body structure; below another part of the body

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3
Q

Ventral (anterior)

A

Toward the front of the body; in front of another structure or body part

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4
Q

Dorsal (posterior)

A

Toward the back of the body; behind another structure of the body

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5
Q

Medial

A

Toward the middle of the body; on the inner side of another structure of the body part

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6
Q

Lateral

A

Toward one side of the body; on the other side of another structure

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7
Q

Intermediate

A

Between medial and lateral

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8
Q

Proximal

A

Closer to the trunk of the body

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9
Q

Distal

A

Farther from the trunk of the body

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10
Q

Superficial

A

Close to the surface of the skin

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11
Q

Deep

A

Far from the surface of the skin

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12
Q

Prone

A

Lying on the stomach

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13
Q

Supine

A

Lying on the back

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14
Q

Alveoli

A

Tiny air sacs in the lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged

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15
Q

Trachea

A

The windpipe which connects the larynx to the lungs

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16
Q

Bronchi

A

The main passageway directly attached to the lungs

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17
Q

Main function of respiratory system

A

Transport oxygen from the atmosphere into the body’s cells and move carbon dioxide in the other direction

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18
Q

How does carbon dioxide get into the atmosphere

A

Oxygen in the lungs moves into then blood; carbon dioxide in the blood moves into the lungs and the lungs moves the carbon dioxide into the atmosphere

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19
Q

cardiovascular/circulatory system main function

A

Transports nutrients,waste, chemical messengers, immune molecules

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20
Q

The closed circulatory system

A

Transports blood away from the heart, transport blood to the heart, and connect arteries to veins in tissues

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21
Q

What does the lymphatic system do

A

Circulates and filters interstitial fluid between cells and drains into the circulatory system

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22
Q

What are the two contractions cycles of the heart

A

Systole: the contraction of the heart muscles
Diastole: the relaxation of the heart

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23
Q

What does blood plasma contain

A

Nutrients, hormones, antibodies, and other immune proteins

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24
Q

Red blood cells

A

Contains hemoglobin and transports oxygen

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25
Q

White blood cells

A

Divided into leukocytes and lymphocytes

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26
Q

Gastrointestinal/digestive system main function

A

Breaks down food for absorption and distribution

27
Q

What are the three main secretions of the stomach

A

Pepsinogen (chief cells), mucus (goblet cells), hydrochloric acid (parietal cells)

28
Q

What is the duodenum and what does it do

A

The first part of the small intestine. It uses alkaline bile from the gallbladder to help neutralize acid chyme

29
Q

What is the purpose of hormones

A

Hormones regulate many aspects of nutrition such as hunger and the sensation of satiety. They induce secretions
speed up movement of food through small intestine
induce cellular uptake in glucose
stimulate the breakdown of stores glycogen modulate digestive action

30
Q

What body part has no major hormones, salivary amylase and salivary lipase

A

Mouth

31
Q

What body part has gastric lipase, pepsinogen, HCL, hormone-gastric, gherkin?

A

Stomach

32
Q

What body part has bile and no hormones?

A

Liver

33
Q

What body part has brush border enzymes, hormones: cholecystokinin, somatostatin, secretin, motilin

A

Small intestine

34
Q

What body part has pancreatic juice, hormones: secretin, somatostatin, insulin, glucagon

A

Pancreas

35
Q

Neuromuscular system main function

A

Nerves and muscles affect every part of the body; control involuntary and voluntary movements

36
Q

Nerves

A

Bundles of axons (nerve fibers) that transmit signals (electrical impulses) from the central nervous system to the peripheral organs

37
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Controls involuntary movement like heart rhythm, digestion and breathing

38
Q

Muscles

A

Soft tissue ,mor myofibrils, made up of sac Romero units, each containing long strands of proteins

39
Q

Reproductive system main function

A

Physical structures (male), hormones, and secretions
Works with the endocrine system

40
Q

Major components of male system

A

Penis, vas deferents, urethra, prostate, seminal vesicles, testes and scrotum

41
Q

Why does the scrotum hold the testes away from the body?

A

To lower the temperature for sperm production

42
Q

Major components for female system

A

Ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, and vagina

43
Q

Where is estrogen made and what does it cause?

A

It’s made in the overlies and causes the egg to mature and the uterine endometrium to thicken

44
Q

Integumentary system main function

A

Organs and glands protect the body and regulate temperature, including skin hair and nails

45
Q

What is the integumentary system responsible for

A

Some excretion like water, minerals such as sodium, chloride, and magnesium

46
Q

What is thermoregulation

A

When the body is too warm sweat is produces and released. When the body is too cold blood vessels constrict reducing the amount of blood brought to the skin to resurface

47
Q

What does the skin produce

A

Vitamin D when hit by ultraviolet light

48
Q

Endocrine system main function

A

Organs increase hormones that regulate many patterns in the body into the circulatory system

49
Q

What are the major glands

A

Pineal, hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid and parathyroid, thymus, adrenal, pancreas, and ovaries or testes

50
Q

What does the endocrine system regulate?

A

Blood production, appetite, reproduction, brain function, sleep cycle, salt and water, hemostasis, growth, sexual development, and response to stress or injury

51
Q

What two systems integrate at the hypothalamus?

A

Nervous and endocrine systems

52
Q

Does the endocrine system act slower or faster than the nervous system and do the effects last shorter or longer?

A

Slower and longer

53
Q

Genitourinary (urogential) system main function

A

Excretory process

54
Q

What are the main organs of the genitourinary system

A

Kidneys, uterus, urinary bladder, and urethra

55
Q

What does the kidneys do

A

Filter blood, create urine, stabilize water balance, maintain blood pressure, and produce and active form of vitamin d

56
Q

What is uretes

A

Small tubes that carry urine to the urinary bladder where it is held until it is released through the urethra

57
Q

Immune system main function

A

Prevents the entry of pathogens through the use of barriers such as the skin and secretions

58
Q

What does it mean if the barriers are beached?

A

There are cells and chemicals that attack the pathogens

59
Q

What happens if the attack fails

A

The adaptive immune system identifies targets and remembers the pathogens

60
Q

What are the two major components of the immune system

A

Innate system: a series of non specific barriers divided into external,and internal that reduces the number of pathogens that can enter the body or multiply

61
Q

What are T cells

A

They recognize the pathogens and activate the B cells which multiply rapidly and produce antibodies

62
Q

Skeletal system three functions

A

Movement, protection and metabolism

63
Q

What are the four bone types and examples

A

Long bones: humerus, ulna, femur
Short bones: toe bones, collarbones
Flat bones: scapula, ribs
Irregular bones, skull, knee, elbow

64
Q

What are the two bone cell types

A

Osteoclast and osteoblast

TEAS TEST (1 decks)

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