Science Flashcards
What type of cell are Skin, Red and White Cells
Somatic Cells
Somatic Cells
What type of cell is Egg and Sperm cell
Sexual Cells
Female Gonads or Ova
Ovaries
Male Gonads (Testis)
Testes
Glands that produce hormones that are involve in rpoduction
Gonads
Sometime called Master Gland, Produces hormones that stimulate growth and control the function of glands
Pituiary Gland
Body’s chemical messenger
Hormones
A Function that help the body maintain its balance to survive and function correctly
Homeostasis
Produced by the Ovaries and Testes (Gonads)
Sex Hormones
The tissue, glands or organs that are involve in producing offspring
Reproductive System
Production and storage of sperm until they’re mature enough for ejaculation
Testes
Produces Testosterone
Testes
Cells that Synthesize sperm
Sertoli Cells
Production of sperm is called
Spermatogenesis
Cells that Synthesize Hormones
Leydig Cells
Group of hormones that bring on Steroid Hormone
Androgens
Primary androgen for Males and develops the primary and secondary male sexual characteristics
Testosterone
-Associated with the Repro System
-Develops Repro Organs
-Stimulate Spermatogenesis
Primary Sexual Characteristics
-Not Directly related to Repro System
-Develop characteristics
Secondary Sexual Characteristics
System of glands that secrete different types of hormones that affects every cell, organ, and function of your body
Endocrine System
A physiological regulation system in a living body to its normal/balance state or sometimes called “homeostasis”
Feedback Mechanism
tends to move a system away from its equilibrium state and make it more unstable
Positive Feedback Mechanism
tends to hold a system to some equilibrium state making it more stable
Negative Feedback Mechanism
-Release hormones called GnRH
-Produced in the Hyphothalamus
-Starts the whole chain of events in the brain
-Stimulates the production and release of FSH and LH
Gonadotropin
FSH
Follicle Stimulating Hormones
LH
Luteinizing Hormone
stimulates testes to produce sperm
FSH
stimulates testes to produce testosterone
LH
A hormone produced by the sertoli cells that provides feedback to the anterior glands to regulate FSH production
Inhibin
provides feedback to the hypothalamus and anterior pituiary gland to regulate GnRH and LH production
Testosterone
Other term for egg cell besides Ova
Ovum
-produces, nurtures and transports egg cell
-fertilized, protects and nourish an developing embryo
Female Hormones
process of production of egg cell
Oogenesis
An organ that produce eggs for fertilization
Ovary, Ovum or Ova
A small, fluid filled sac in the ovary that contains “one” immature egg
Ovary Follicle
a temporary organ that appears every menstrual cycle and disappears if fertilization does not appear
Corpus Luteum
passage way for an egg and a sperm to meet and for a fertilized egg to make its way to uterus`
Fallopian Tube
Fertilized egg is called …
Embryo
Uterine lining that prepares for implantation, maintenance of preganancy
Endometrium
FSH in Females
- signal the development of egg cells
- secretion of estrogen
LH in Females
- Luteinizes the follicle in the corpus luteum
- Induces ovulation
- Stimulation of Progesterone Production
Responsible for development of the female and regulation of female repro system and secondary sexual characteristics
Estrogen
Helps prepare the body for potential pregnancy
Progesterone
- Prohibits muscle contractions in the uterus that would cause the body to reject an egg
- Secreted by Ovaries after Ovulation
- Correlates to the thickening of the endomitrium
Progesterone
If an egg is not fertilized
Progesterone levels become low and menstruation happens
-Mood swing
-Brain fog
-Headaches
-Forgetfulness
-Hot Flashes
-Dry Skin
-Urinary Incontinence
-Vaginal Dryness
-Painful Intercourse
-UTI
-Poor Concentration
-Weight Gain
-Mood Swing
-Anxiety
-Thinning Hair
-Facial Hair
-Lethargy
-Joint Pain
Low Estrogen Effects
-Irregular or Misery Periods
-Infertility and Miscarriage
-Headaches and migraines
-Low Sex Drives
-Mood Changes
-Weight Gain
-Unhealthy Hair
-Poor Sleep
-Acne
-Insomnia
Low Progesterone Effects
Recurring changes that occur within the female reprodcutive system to make pregnancy possible
Mensturation or Menstrual Cycle
Day 1 to 15
Menstrual Phase
The Uterus sheds its inner lining of soft tissue and blood vessels which exits the body from the vagina
Menstural Phase
– to – ml of blood loss is considered normal
10 to 80
Day 1 to 13
Follicular Phase
Pituiary Glands secretes FSH that stimulates the egg cells in the ovaries to grow, then the egg cell start to mature inside the ovary follicle, and while this is happening the follicle secretes progesterone to develop a endometrium
Follicular Phase
Day 14
Ovulation Phase
-Release of the egg, to go into the fallopian tube by the cilia of the fimbrae
Ovulation Phase
Day 15 to 28
Luteal Phase
-The egg cell disintegrates when no sperm cell comes, then it causes lowness in progesterone that causes endometrium sheding
Luteal Phase
FSH and LH were secreted to start the development of the follicle, the estrogen has a negative feedback on FSH which causes it to stop being screted
First Feedback
LH secretion will rise, and ovulation will occur, the increased amount of estrogen causes positive feedback to occur on the LH cells in the Anterior Pituiary
Second Feedback
The build up of progesterone and estrogen further increases the formation of the endometrial lining , these hormones work together and send negative feedback to inhibin to release of FSH and LH
Third Feedback
A system of cells, tissues and organs that regulates the body’s response to internal and external stimuli or sometimes called the control center of the body
Nervous System
Serves as the main processing center for the entire nervous system
Central Nervous System
Connects the central nervous system to the organs and limbs
Peripheral Nervous System
CNS and PNS
Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System
Organ located within the skull that funtions as an organizer and distributor of information for the body
Brain
Processes thoughts, judgements, memory, problem solving and language
Cerebrum
Controls posture, coordination, balance, unity and control
Cerebellum
Connect the brain to the spinal cord and controls functions such as breathing, digestion, heart rate and blood pressure
Brain Stem
This serves as a channel for signals between the brain and the rest of the body
Spinal Cord
controls simple muscoskeletal reflexes without the input of the brain
Spinal Cord
Responsible for relaying sensory and motor information and controls voluntary responses
Somatic Nervous System
Handles involuntary movements in the body
Autonomic Nervous System
Activated when the body is in a dynamic role of stress
Symphathetic
Maintains body function and restores to body to normal or relaxed mode
Parasymphatheitc
How many neurons does an Individual have?
Approximately 135 Billion Neurons
Detect various sensations such as pain and heat
Sensory Neuron (AFFARENT)
Receive information through senses (Sensation)
Sensory Neurons
Stimulates sense organs and/or muscle to perform a function or reflex
Motor Neuron (EFFERENT)
receive impulses from the brain or the spinal cord and send them to the muscles or glands (Response)
Motor Neurons
Allow us to think, see and perceive our surroundings (Integration)
Inter Neurons
Any factor in the environment that may trigger a nerve impulse
Stimulus
Reaction to a stimuli
Response
length of time between application of a stimulus and detection of a response
Reaction Time
when information arises from the sensory receptors in the skin, skeletal, muscles or joints
Somatic Sensory Infromation
when information arises from sensory receptors in the blood vessels or internal organs
Visceral Sensory Information
sweat glands release sweat, which cools your skin as it evaporates
Sweating
