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DCAT > SCIENCE > Flashcards

SCIENCE Flashcards

1
Q

In undisturbed sedimentary rocks, each layer is younger than the layer below it and older than the layer above it

A

Law of Superposition

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2
Q

T or F: Layered rocks are older than igneous rocks

A

True

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3
Q

Hardened remains or imprints of organisms lived a long time ago

A

Fossils

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4
Q

Study plant and animal fossils

A

Paleontologists

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5
Q

4 Geological Times (Oldest to Most Recent)

A

Precambrian
Paleozoic
Mesozoic
Cenozoic

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6
Q

Geologic time up to 600 million years ago

A

Precambrian

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7
Q

Ancient life

A

Paleozoic

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8
Q

Intermediate life

A

Mesozoic

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9
Q

Recent life

Epochs

A

Cenozoic

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10
Q

Beginning of earth until 600 million years ago

Rocks found were almost devoid of fossils

Algae, sponges, worms existed

Too primitive to leave many fossils

History is either buried under young rock or eroded away

Igneous or metamorphic rocks

A

Precambrian

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11
Q

Divided into 7 periods

Fossils found in layers of sedimentary rocks

Marine invertebrates lived near shores of
shallow waters

1st animal to breathe air is Amphibian during
Devonian Period

Marine life developed

Reptiles appeared in late era

Land climate changed at end of era

A

Paleozoic

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12
Q

Formation of several continents

With formation of continents, new bodies of water were formed

Changes in plant and animal life

Footprints, eggs, bones, fossils of reptiles
were found

Largest creatures existed (Dinosaur)

Largest meat-eating dinosaur is
Tyrannosaurus

More continents broke up

Dinosaurs died in end if this era

A

Mesozoic

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13
Q

As mountains uplifted, new life forms appeared

Volcanic activity was present

More mammals with tooth structures for specific diets, limb structures of various
postures, and increasing brain size

A

Cenozoic

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14
Q

Line drawn around middle of a globe or map

Numbered 0 in latitude

A

Equator

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15
Q

Drawn east to west

A

Lines of latitude

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16
Q

North-South line drawn from North to South Pole

A

Meridian or Longitude

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17
Q

Drawing of earth, part of earth on a flat surface

A

Map

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18
Q

Spherical model of earth

A

Globe

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19
Q

Layers of Earth (O to I)

A
  1. Crust
  2. Upper Mantle
  3. Lower Mantle
  4. Outer Core
  5. Inner Core
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20
Q

Thin outermost layer of Earth

All life on Earth exists

Materials found are: silicon, oxygen,
aluminum, calcium, sodium, potassium

Only layer that can be studied directly

A

Crust

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21
Q

3 Types of Solid Rocks:

A

Igneous
Sedimentary
Metamorphic

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22
Q

Below crust

Makes up 80% of Earth’s volume

Denser than outermost layer of Earth

A

Mantle

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23
Q

Surrounds inner core

Made up of liquid iron and nickel

A

Outer Core

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24
Q

Innermost layer

Contains iron and nickel

Very dense due to intense pressure

A

Inner Core

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25
Q

German geologist and meteorologist

Theory of Continental Drift

A

Alfred Wegener

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26
Q

Huge land mass of all continents

A

Pangea

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27
Q

Single ocean surrounds Pangea

A

Panthalassa

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28
Q

All continents moved apart

A

Continental Drift Theory

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29
Q

Comprises upper part and mantle

Has no sharp boundary

A

Lithosphere

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30
Q

Soft because material is close to melting point due to high temperature and pressure found

A

Asthenosphere

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31
Q

Layers of Earth as Crust:

A

Continental Crust
Oceanic Crust

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32
Q

Makes up landforms such as mountains and plains

A

Continental Crust

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33
Q

Found under ocean

A

Oceanic Crust

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34
Q

Earth’s crust is broken into seven large plates and several small ones

A

Plate Tectonics Theory

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35
Q

Boundaries of two plates push against each other

A

Convergent Boundary

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36
Q

Plates that pull away from each other

A

Divergent Boundary

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37
Q

When oceanic plates push against each other, the plate edges are bent downward into a deep trench

A

Subduction Zone

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38
Q

Types of Rocks:

A

● Magma
● Lava
● Igneous Rocks
● Sedimentary Rocks
● Metamorphic Rocks

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39
Q

Continuous change from magma to rock and vice versa

A

Rock Cycle

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40
Q

Refer to petroleum, coal, natural gas

Result of incomplete decomposition of
organic matter under extreme conditions of temperature and pressure

A

Fossil Fuels

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41
Q

Crystalline solid with definite composition and structure

A

Mineral

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42
Q

An aggregate of minerals

A

Rock

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43
Q

Most abundant material

A

Silicates

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44
Q

Important product of weathered rocks

Almost all life on land is dependent on this material

A
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45
Q

Productive soil in a semiarid area becomes unproductive and desert conditions prevail

A

Desertification

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46
Q

Periodic rise and fall of sea level

A

Tides

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47
Q

Layers of Atmosphere (Top to Bottom)

A

● Thermosphere
● Ionosphere
● Mesosphere
● Stratosphere
● Troposphere

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48
Q

Touches Earth and layer where we live

Where weather takes place

A

Troposphere

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49
Q

Layer above troposphere

High concentration of ozone

Warmed by chemical reactions occurring
when ozone breaks down into oxygen

A

Stratosphere

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50
Q

Above stratosphere

Air cools as a result of lack of ozone

A

Mesosphere

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51
Q

Layer above mesosphere

Air is very thin and cold

Radio Waves back to earth and makes
long-distance broadcasts

A

Ionosphere

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52
Q

Outer edge of atmosphere

Sun’s rays first hit, air temperature rises
again

A

Thermosphere

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53
Q

Trapping of heat in the atmosphere

A

Greenhouse effect

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54
Q

Increase in temperature may cause the atmosphere to become warmer

A

Global Warming

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55
Q

Study of living organisms/things

A

Biology

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56
Q

Basic structure of all living things

A

Cell

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57
Q

Do not have nuclear membrane or membrane-bound organelles

A

Prokaryotes

58
Q

Cells making up all other living organisms

A

Eukaryotes

59
Q

Parts of a Generalized Cell:

A

Cell Membrane
Nucleus
Cytoplasm

60
Q

Double layer of lipids

Acts as “gatekeeper”’ controls what moves in
and out cell

A

Cell Membrane

61
Q

Separated from cytoplasm by thickened membrane

More selective than cell membrane

Control center of cell as it contains all
genetic information

A

Nucleus

62
Q

Semi fluid liquid that fills cell and holds its components

Holds dissolved nutrients such as amino acids and sugars

Contain all chemicals to carry out living activities

A

Cytoplasm

63
Q

Powerhouse of the cell

Energy is obtained from food

A

Mitochondria

64
Q

Site of photosynthesis

A

Chloroplast

65
Q

Store chlorophyll for use of chloroplasts

A

Plastids

66
Q

Membrane-Bound vacuoles in cytoplasm

A

Lysosomes

67
Q

Does not have ribosomes attached

Transportation system of cell

A

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

68
Q

Has ribosomes attached

Carries cell transportation (mainly protein)

A

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

69
Q

Manufactures, synthesizes, stores, distributes hormones, enzymes, and protein materials needed by cell/organism

A

Golgi Apparatus

70
Q

Manufacture, store, secrete oxidation enzymes needed by cell

A

Peroxisomes

71
Q

Dark-staining organelle within nucleus which contains RNA, proteins, DNA

Synthesis of ribosomal RNA

A

Nucleolus

72
Q

Threadlike structures composed of mainly DNA arranged in genes

Hereditary information of the cell

A

Chromosomes

73
Q

Tiny, grainy structure attached to Endoplasmic Reticulum

Protein factory of cell

Contain enzymes to carry out protein
synthesis

A

Ribosomes

74
Q

Capture light energy and use to make cell’s food

A

Chloroplasts

75
Q

Maintain balance or working equilibrium

A

Homeostasis

76
Q

Process of cell reproduction following several stages to produce two daughter cells

A

Cell Division

77
Q

Types of Cell Division:

A

Mitosis
Meiosis

78
Q

2 daughter nuclei receives same chromosome complement as parent nucleus

All kinds of asexual reproduction

A

Mitosis

79
Q

Carried out by mitosis in eukaryotic cells

A

Asexual Reproduction

80
Q

Five Stages of Asexual Reproduction:

A

Interphase’
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

81
Q

Stages of Asexual Reproduction:

Not resting phase

In nucleus, DNA replicates itself and forms
messenger RNA, transfer RNA, ribosomal
RNA

A

Interphase

82
Q

Stages of Asexual Reproduction:

Chromatids shorten and thicken

Nucleoli and nuclear membrane disappears

Spindle fibers form

A

Prophase

83
Q

Stages of Asexual Reproduction:

Chromosome moves to equator, or middle of
spindle

Paired chromosomes attach to spindle and centromere

A

Metaphase

84
Q

Stages of Asexual Reproduction:

Separation of sister chromatids to a single-stranded chromosome

A

Anaphase

85
Q

Stages of Asexual Reproduction:

Chromosomes uncoil

A

Telophase

86
Q

Two successive cell divisions where chromosomes duplicate only once

Results in daughter cells with haploid/one-half chromosome number

A

Meiosis

87
Q

Occurs within all plant cells which supply all carbohydrates used by plants and animals

A

Photosynthesis

88
Q

Absorb light energy from the sun

A

Chloroplasts

89
Q

Sugar

Material for production of other food molecules

A

Glucose

90
Q

Catabolic activity that breaks down carbohydrates, fats and proteins to produce energy in the form of ATP

Consumes oxygen and produces carbon dioxide and water as by-products

A

Cellular Respiration

91
Q

Eukaryotic Cells = __________

Prokaryotic Cells = __________

A

Mitochondria

Cell Membrane

92
Q

Energy currency of the cell

A

ATP

93
Q

Release of energy from organic compounds occurs in the presence of oxygen

A

Aerobic Respiration

94
Q

No oxygen is present and it must occur by a fermentation process

A

Anaerobic Respiration

95
Q

Organic Compounds:

A

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Enzymes
Nucleic Acids

96
Q

Inorganic Compounds:

A

Water
Minerals

97
Q

Depicts transfer of Sun’s energy through many organisms

Dependence of animals on plants and interdependence of animals upon each other for food

A

Food Chain Magnate

98
Q

Complex food relationship whereby a certain kind of food maybe eaten by more than one consumer

Interlocking food chain

A

Food Web

99
Q

2 Processes in Oxygen Cycle

A

Photosynthesis
Oxidation of Organic Compounds

100
Q

Production of carbohydrates and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water

A

Photosynthesis

101
Q

Chemical changes that make oxygen cycle possible are also the same chemical changes involved in carbon and hydrogen cycles

A

Oxidation of Organic Compounds

102
Q

Occurs only in lithosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere

A

Phosphorus Cycle

103
Q

Released in atmosphere due to burning of coal and petroleum, volcanic eruptions, and decay of organic matter

A

Sulfur

104
Q

Humans have __ pairs of chromosomes in each cell

Person has one pair of sex chromosomes, __ for Females and __ for Males

A

23

XX

XY

105
Q

Remaining 22 pairs of chromosomes

A

Autonomies

106
Q

Sex cells

Contains 23 single chromosomes each

A

Gametes

107
Q

Fertilization

23 pairs of chromosomes

A

Zygote

108
Q

Chromosomes made up of subunits

A

Genes

109
Q

Pairs of genes that have same position on each member of a pair of chromosomes, which can alternate forms

A

Alleles

110
Q

Appearance of an individual

A

Phenotype

111
Q

Chromosomes bearing genes for same characters

A

Homologous Chromosomes

112
Q

Identical pair of alleles on homologous chromosomes for any given trait

A

Homozygous Trait

113
Q

Mixed pair of alleles on homologous chromosomes for any given trait

A

Heterozygous Trait

114
Q

__________ Era
● Unicellular organisms originated
__________ Era
● Multicellular animals and fern-like plants originated
__________ Era
● Birds, mammals, reptiles, flowering plants originated
__________ Era
● Radiation of birds, mammals, reptiles, flowering plants occurred

A

Precambrian
Paleozoic
Mesozoic
Cenozoic

115
Q

Amount of space occupied

A

Volume

116
Q

Amount of matter contains

A

Mass

117
Q

Distinguish substance from another substance

Ex: boiling point, acidity, sweetness, hardness, odor, density

A

Intrinsic

118
Q

Depend on amount of matter observed

Ex: height, weight, volume, shape,
temperature, length

A

Extrinsic

119
Q

__________
● Reaction whereby energy is absorbed or taken in
__________
● Resulting in release of energy

A

Endothermic
Exothermic

120
Q

Either an element or compound

A

Pure Substance

121
Q

Substance formed when two or more elements are combined

A

Compound

122
Q

3 Classifications of Compounds

A

Acid
Base
Salt

123
Q

Can either proton donors or acceptors (considered as either an acid or base)

A

Amphiprotic

124
Q

Reaction by which equivalent quantities of an acid and a base react to form a salt and water

A

Neutralization

125
Q

__________ Mixtures
● Mixtures having similar properties throughout and cannot be separated by ordinary chemical means
__________ MIxtures
● Mixtures having parts with dissimilar properties

A

Homogenous
Heterogenous

126
Q

Property of molecules having separate charges, or dipole with positive and negative poles

A

Polarity

127
Q

_____
● Quantity of matter an object contains
_____
● Measure of pull of gravity of an object of given mass

A

Mass
Weight

128
Q

Homogenous mixture between two or more substances

A

Solution

129
Q

2 Parts of Solution

A

Solute
Solvent

130
Q

Substance being dissolved in a solution

A

Solute

131
Q

Substance in which solute is dissolved

A

Solvent

132
Q

Basic building blocks of matter

A

Atoms

133
Q

__________
● Negatively charged
__________
● Positively charged
__________
● Electrically neutral

A

Electrons
Protons
Neutrons

134
Q

Atom composed of protons and neutrons

A

Nucleus

135
Q

Attractive force which holds together the atoms of a molecule

A

Chemical Bond

136
Q

Atoms are held together by an electrostatic force due to transfer of electron(s) from one atom to another

A

Ionic Bond

137
Q

Where atoms are held together by sharing of electrons

A

Covalent Bond

138
Q

2 Kinds of Covalent Bond:

A

Polar
Non-Polar

139
Q

Where atoms are held together by unequal sharing of electrons

A

Polar Covalent Bond

140
Q

Where delocalized electrons of a metal atom move freely in their valence shell while being attracted strongly to positive kernel of the same or neighboring atoms

A

Non-Polar Covalent Bond

DCAT (1 decks)

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