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3rd Periodic Test > Science > Flashcards

Science Flashcards

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Periodic Table flashcards
1
Q

anything that occupies space and has mass is called ____

A

matter

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2
Q

The ____ of an object is a measure of the amount of matter the object has

A

mass

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3
Q

The measure of the space occupied by an object is called ___.

A

volume

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4
Q

substance that are made up of only one kind of particles and has a fixed or constant structure

A

Pure Substance

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5
Q

a substance that consists of only one type or kind of atom

A

element

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6
Q

pure substance when two or more elements are combined chemically in a fixed ratio

A

compound

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7
Q

are made up of two or more substances that are not chemically combined with each other

A

mixture

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8
Q

mixtures which possess the same properties and combination throughout their mass

A

homogenous

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9
Q

possess different properties and compositions in various parts

A

heterogeneous

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10
Q

tightly packed, has definite volume and shape, hard to compress, does not flow

A

solid

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11
Q

densely packed, has a definite volume and has no shape but takes the shape of the container, not easily compress, flow easily

A

liquid

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12
Q

atoms and molecules
more spread out, No definite volume, No definite shape but takes the shape of its
container, Highly compressible, Flows easily

A

Gas

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13
Q

the process through which a substance changes from a liquid to a solid. All liquids except helium undergo freezing when the temperature becomes sufficiently cold.

A

freezing

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14
Q

the process by which a substance changes from the solid phase to the liquid phase.

A

melting

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15
Q

, is the process by which molecules undergo a
spontaneous transition from a liquid phase
to a gas phase.

A

vaporization

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16
Q

the opposite of evaporation, is the change in the state of matter from the gas phase to the liquid phase

A

condensation

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17
Q

the settling of particles or sediment onto a surface. also refers to the phase change from
gas to solid.

A

deposition

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18
Q

the transition from a solid phase to a gas phase without passing through an intermediate liquid phase.

A

sublimation

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19
Q

He said that
matter consists of
smallest bits of
tiny indivisible
particles called
atoms

A

Democritus

20
Q

came from
Greek word “atomos”
meaning “uncut”

A

Atoms

21
Q
  • He believed that
    matter was made
    up of four natural
    elements.
  • Matter is infinitely
    divisible.
  • He completely
    disagreed with
    Democritus
A

Aristotle

22
Q
  • All matters are made
    up of indivisible and
    indestructible
    particles called
    atoms.
  • Atoms may form
    compounds when
    combined together.
  • All atoms with
    common elements
    are the same.
    The atoms of different
    elements vary from
    one another.
A

John Dalton

23
Q
  • He announced that
    Cathode rays
    consist of
    negatively charged
    particles called
    electrons
  • Used the “plum- pudding” or “raisin
    bread” model
  • He suggested that
    the negatively-
    charged electrons
    are embedded in a
    positively charged
    particle
A

Joseph John Thomson

24
Q
  • According to his
    experiment, most
    alpha particles pass
    through the foil
    signifying that the
    atom is an empty
    space.
  • He is known for his
    work in Gold foil
    experiment.
  • This observation led
    him in a conclusion
    that the atom has a
    very minute positive
    particles called
    proton.
A

Ernest Rutherford

25
Q

Proposed a theory for the hydrogen atom based on quantum theory that energy is transferred only in certain well defined quantities

A

Niels Bohr

26
Q

The existence of the third subatomic
particle was discovered through his experiments on Beryllium known as
Neutrons.

A

James Chadwick

27
Q

When an atom
becomes charged, it
becomes an ___

A

Ion

28
Q

An ion becomes
positive when it
loses electron known
as ___

A

Cation

29
Q

An ion becomes
negative when it
gains electrons
known as ____

A

Anion

30
Q

Atoms of an element with difference number of neutrons are called ____
* It has same number of protons and electrons but
different numbers of
neutrons

A

isotopes

31
Q

It states that the electrons will occupy the orbitals having lower energies before occupying higher energy orbitals

A

Aufbau Principle

32
Q

It states that a maximum of two electrons can fit into a single orbital, each having opposite spins.

A

Pauli Exclusion Principle

33
Q

This rule describes the order in which electrons are filled in all of the empty orbitals before pairing.

A

Hund’s Rule

34
Q
  • Law of Triads
  • He grouped the elements in 3s
  • Concluded that atomic mass of the
    middle element is the average of the
    other two
A

Johann Wolfgang
Dobereiner

35
Q
  • Law of Octaves
  • Arranged the elements in increasing
    atomic weights.
  • Noticed that many pairs of elements
    have similar physical properties.
  • Property of element is being repeated
    after an interval of eight elements
A

John Newlands

36
Q
  • Developed periodic table like what we are using today.
  • Arranged the elements in increasing atomic masses.
  • Observed that the same physical and
    chemical properties of the elements were periodically repeated
A

Dmitri Mendeleev

37
Q
  • German Chemist that included 56 elements
    in the periodic table.
  • His work was nearly alike to Mendeleev’s
    model, but Mendeleev’s work was more
    credited because of his prediction about the
    elements of yet to be discovered.
A

Julius Lothar Meyer

38
Q
  • He arranged the sequence of elements
    according to increasing atomic number.
  • This led to correction of the inconsistencies
    in the work of Mendeleev.
A

Henry Moseley

39
Q
  • He proposed an additional series
    of transuranium elements with an
    atomic number of 92 – 102
  • These are called the lanthanide
    and actinide series.
A

Glenn Seaborg

40
Q
  • Vertical column of elements
  • Atoms of elements within a
    group have the same
    number of valence electrons
A

Group or Families

41
Q
  • Horizontal row of
    elements
  • Written on the left side of
    the periodic table
A

Period

42
Q
  • On the left side of the periodic table
A

metals

43
Q
  • On the right side of the periodic table
A

non-metals

44
Q
  • The elements that belong to B group are all metallic in nature
  • Has 2 categories: early and late transition metals
  • Located in the middle of PT between Group IIA and IIIA.
A

Transition Elements

45
Q

have properties of both metals and non-metals.

A

Metalloids or Semi-metals

3rd Periodic Test (5 decks)

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