Science Flashcards
What are 4 hazardous things that need to take note of?
Hair up
Water near electricity safety glasses on
Close toe shoes
A simple rules when in the lab?
Never eat or drink inside the lab
What is an independent variable?
The thing you are going to change for the experiment.
What is the dependant variable?
The thing you are going to measure in the expirement.
What are the controlled variables?
The things that you are gonna be kept the same.
What are the three things that a scientific experiment starts with (scientific method)?
- A question that the scientist wants to answer.
- An aim for how the question will be answered
- A statement about what scientist think will happen. (Hypothesis)
What is potential energy?
A stored form of energy.
What is energy conversion?
When one form of energy is transformed into other forms of energy.
What is energy?
The ability to do work.
What is temperature?
A measure of how fast the particles that make up a substance are moving.
What is an abiotic?
Non living chemical and physical components of an environment or ecosystem
What is diffusion?
The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
What is an element
Substances that are only made up from one type of atom
What is a compound
Substances made up for, two or more types of atom chemically bonded together
What is a mixture
Substances made up from two or more types of atom, or compound not chemically bonded
What is a solute
A substance dissolved into water or another solvent
What is a solvent
A liquid substance that other substances can dissolve into
What is a solution
The combination of a solute and a solvent
Solid to gas
Sublimation
Gas to solid
Deposition
Gas to liquid
Condensation
Liquid to gas
Evaporation
Liquid to solid
Freezing
Solid to liquid
Melting
What are the properties of a solid
- Solids keep there shape.
- They do not spread out
- Solids can be cut or shaped
- Keeps the same shape or volume
- The particles of solids have the lowest kinetic energy out of the three states
What are the properties of a liquid
- Liquids can flow
- liquids can change their shape to fit a container
- they have a fixed volume
- the particles of a liquid have kinetic energy in between solids and gases
What are the properties of a gas
- Gases are often visible
- they do not have a fixed shape
- they do not have a fixed volume or shape
- gases can be compressed
- the particles that make up a gas have the highest kintetic energy
What is a physical change
A change in state of matter
Examples:
Water to ice
What is a chemical change
Matter changing from one type of substance to another
Example:
Wood burning
How can we tell a chemical change has occured
A change in colour
Gas being released
Heat being released
Light being released
How to seperate 2 solids one of which is magnetic
Magnetic seperation
How to seperate 2 solids, one is more soluble than the other
Dissolve in solvent and the filter
How to seperate 1 solid and 1 liquid
Filter
How to seperate 1 solid dissolved in a solvent
Evaporation
How to seperate 2 liquids with different boiling points
Distillation
How to seperate 2 solids with different solubility
Chromatography
What are the rules of a graph
- no title needed
- your independent variable should be on the x axis and dependant on y axis
- you need to include your units
- very accurate when plotting on the graph
- needs to make sense and it needs to be able to include all of your data
- use at least half of the space
What is a biotic
Any living component of an ecosystem that affects other organisms or their ecosystem
What is a cell
The smallest unit of an organism
What is photosynthesis
A chemical process where some organisms use sunlight to produce nutrients from carbon dioxide or water
What does mrs gren stand for
Movement
Respiration
Sensitivity
Growth
Reproduction
Excretion
Nutrients
What is movement
A change in position or place
What is respiration
A chemical reaction which uses oxygen to release the energy in glucose
What is sensitivity
The ability to sense changes in the environment and respond to them
What is growth
A permanent increase in size
What is reproduction
Making more of the same organism
What is Excretion
The removal of toxic substances and waste products from an organism
What is nutrition
Where nutrients are taken into the body, broken down, and used for growth, maintenance and repair
What is a plant cell made up of
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Cell membrane
Cellulose cell wall
Mitochondrion
Permanent vacuole
Chloroplast
What is an animal cell made up of
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Cell membrane
Mitochondrion
What does a nucleus do
The control centre of the cell that regulates the other cells processes
Both
What does the cell membrane do
Controls what enters and exits the cell
Both
What does the cytoplasm do
The site of all reactions in the cell
Both
What does the cell wall do
Prevents plant cells from bursting,
Provides structure for plant cells
What does the Vacuole do
Storage organelles that hold nutrients or waste products
Both, permanent in plants, temporary in animals
What does the mitochondrion do
The site of aerobic respiration
Both
Chloroplast
The site of photosynthesis
Plant
What are tissues
Groups of similar cells working together to preform a shared function
What are organs
Groups of tissues working together to preform a specific function
What are the 14 parts of a microscope
Tube
Eyepiece
nose piece
Low power lens
medium power lens
High power lens
Stage clips
Diaphragm
Light source
Arm
Stage
Fine focus
Course focus
Base
What is chemical potential energy
Chemical energy is stored in the bonds between atoms in molecules and compounds
What is electrical energy
Generated by the movement of electrons
What is Gravitational potential energy
Large objects like the earth or the sun create gravitational potential energy
What is heat energy
Heat energy is also called thermal energy, it involves atoms, molecules and compounds vibrating
What is light energy
Light is a type of radiant energy. Light is made up from tiny particles called photons
What is kinetic energy
Anything that is moving
What is nuclear potential energy
Energy generated be splitting atoms
What is elastic potential energy
Energy that is stored in stretchy or springy objects
What is sound energy
The vibration of particles
Equation for respiration
Glucose + oxygen — carbon dioxide + water + energy ( atp)
What is the equation to photosynthesis
Carbon dioxide + water — glucose + oxygen
Define malleability
Can be worked into different shapes
Define lustre
Shininess, the ability to reflect light
Ductility
Can be stretched out into wires
Define sonorous
Making a ringing sound if it is struck with something
Define metal
Something that has all of the features of metals
Define a Non metal
Something that has none or only some of the metal features
Define Group
The columns going down in the periodic table are called groups
Define Period
The rows in the periodic table are called periods
Define transition metals
Metals that are able to bond with other metals that have more valance electrons
What are the features of alkali metals
- all soft enough to cut
- all have a single valence electron in the final shell
- they will oxidise quick when exposed to air
- act strongly when they come into contact with water.
Properties of metals
Electrical conductivity
Malleability
Ductility
Sonorous
Lustrous
Heat conductivity
Solid at room temperature
Properties of Non metals
Poor thermal conductivity
Poor electrical conductivity
Not malleable or ductile
Little or no metallic lustre
2 uses of alkali earth metals
Lithium
- ceramic production
Potassium
- fertilisers
Alkaline earth metals
All reactive but not as reactive
They do not react violently with water
Two valence electrons
What group is the oxygen family
VI
What group is halogens
Vii
What group is noble gasses
Viii
Uses for fluorine
Rocket fuel
