Science Flashcards
Where does the breakdown of fats begin?
small intestine
Where does the breakdown of carbohydrates begin?
the mouth
Where does the breakdown of proteins begin?
the stomach
Where does the breakdown of fiber begin?
fiber is not digestible
What is considered to be a radical change from previous thinking?
a paradigm shift
The increase of alleles of certain genes from generation to generation that allows a species to survive and reproduce better is known as what?
Adaptation
_______ is the means by which adaptation occurs
natural selection
What part of the nervous system is responsible for the body’s flight-or-fight response?
sympathetic nervous system ( heart beat increases, more blood carried to organs, pupils dilate)
Water has ____ specific heat and ____ heat of vaporization.
high and high. (this helps to moderate the Earth’s climate)
What is the general formula for hydrocarbons with double bonds?
CnH2n (aka alkenes)
In regard to mass, ____ are about 2,000 times more massive than _______.
protons, electrons
The higher the density of the gas, the _____ it moves/dissipates
slower
Where are immune cells produced?
in the bone marrow
Where is the heart located?
behind the sternum (even though the apex of the heart is located to left of the sternum, the majority of the heart is covered by the sternum)
What structure is directly responsible for the exchange of oxygen?
alveoli
What is an internal factor that drives enzyme activity?
amino-acid structure
What are 3 external factors that drive enzyme activity?
pH, temperature, and substrate concentration.
A _________ cell lacks a membrane-bound nucleus.
prokaryotic
______ make up DNA
genes
Where do mutations in human DNA originate?
in the genotype (genes, DNA)
What organelles give rough endoplasmic reticulum its signature rough characteristic?
ribosomes
What makes up proteins?
amino acids
Genes are composed of ______
DNA
_____ bonds require the sharing of electrons
covalent
____ bonds are viewed as having electrons donated and accepted b atoms to complete the valence structure
ionic
In which types of cells can mutations occur that can be passed on to future generations?
germ cells (sex cells)
DNA codons encode ______
amino acids
During cell replication, which material is duplicated by polymerase enzymes?
DNA
What is the appropriate expression to calculate heat removal?
H = -ML
